试译《今日简史》7

Similarly, if the World Health Organization identifies a new disease, or if a laboratory produces a new medicine, it is almost impossible to update all the human doctors in the world about these developments. In contrast, even if you have 10 billion AI doctors in the world – each monitoring the health of a single human being – you can still update all of them within a split second, and they can all communicate to each other their feedback on the new disease or medicine. These potential advantages of connectivity and updateability are so huge that at least in some lines of work it might make sense to replace all humans with computers, even if individually some humans still do a better job than the machines.

类似地,如果世界卫生组织发现了一种新疾病,或者实验室生产出一种新药物,要让全世界所有医生得知这些新进展,这几乎是不可能的事。相反,即使全世界有100亿个人工智能医生,每个医生只监控一个人的健康,你仍然可以在瞬间让它们全部更新,而且它们之间都可以相互交流,对新疾病或新药物进行反馈。连通性和可更新性具备如此巨大的潜在优势,至少在某些工作岗位上,用计算机取代所有人类工作者是行得通的。即使从个体层面来看,一些人的工作表现要比计算机好。

【林俊宏】同样,如果世界卫生组织确认出现某种新的疾病,或者某实验室研制出某种新药,目前几乎不可能让全世界所有人类医生都得知最新的相关消息。但相较之下,就算全球有100亿个人工智能医生,各自照顾一个人的健康状况,仍然可以在瞬间实现全部更新,而且所有人工智能医生都能互相分享对新病或新药的感受。连接性和可更新性可能带来的优势巨大,至少对某些工作来说,就算某些个人的工作效率仍然高于机器,但合理的做法将会是用计算机取代所有人类员工。

You might object that by switching from individual humans to a computer network we will lose the advantages of individuality. For example, if one human doctor makes a wrong judgement, he does not kill all the patients in the world, and he does not block the development of all new medications. In contrast, if all doctors are really just a single system, and that system makes a mistake, the results might be catastrophic.In truth, however, an integrated computer system can maximise the advantages of connectivity without losing the benefits of individuality. You can run many alternative algorithms on the same network, so that a patient in a remote jungle village can access through her smartphone not just a single authoritative doctor, but actually a hundred different AI doctors, whose relative performance is constantly being compared.You don’t like what the IBM doctor told you? No problem. Even if you are stranded somewhere on the slopes of Kilimanjaro, you can easily contact the Baidu doctor for a second opinion.

你可能会反驳该观点,认为我们一旦从人类个体转换成计算机网络,就会丧失个体性的优势。举例来说,如果某个医生出现误诊,不至于害死世界上所有的病人,也不会阻碍所有新药物的发展。相反,如果所有的医生真的只是一套系统而已,而且这套系统出现错误,就可能造成灾难性后果。然而,事实上,集成计算机系统可以在不丧失个体性好处的前提下,最大化地发挥连通性的优势。你可以在同一套网络中运行多个不同的算法,那么,病人即使身处遥远丛林的一个村庄里,也可以通过自己的智能手机连接上不止一个医生,而是上百个不同的人工智能医生。这些医生的工作表现会随时加以相互比较。你不喜欢国际商业机器公司(IBM)医生的医嘱?没问题。即使你滞留在乞力马扎罗山的山坡上,你也可以很轻松地联系上百度医生,进行第二次就诊。

【林俊宏】有人可能会反驳说,把个体人类转换为计算机运算网络后,就会失去个体化所带来的优势。举例来说,如果某位人类医生做出了错误判断,并不会因此让世界上所有的患者都丧命,也不会阻碍所有新药的开发。相反,如果所有医生都属于某一系统,一旦该系统出错,结果可能就极其严重。但事实上,集成的计算机系统可以在不失去个性化优势的情况下,把连结性的优势发挥到极致。比如可以在同一个网络上运行多种算法,这样位于偏远丛林山村里的病人通过智能手机能找到的就不只是某位医学权威,而是上百位不同的人工智能医生,而且这些人工智能医生的表现还会不断被比较。你不喜欢IBM(国际商业机器公司)医生的诊断吗?没关系。就算你现在被困在乞力马扎罗山上,也能通过搜索引擎轻松找到医生,寻求不同意见。

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