Linux服务器初次使用需要的环境配置
一、划分磁盘
1.查看磁盘
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors //新增的硬盘
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
sudo fdisk /dev/sda
kz@amax:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
The size of this disk is 3.7 TiB (4000787030016 bytes). DOS partition table format cannot be used on drives for volumes larger than 2199023255040 bytes for 512-byte sectors. Use GUID partition table format (GPT).
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x988e6975.
2.选择使用gpt分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x988e6975
Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 082550F4-E534-CE4B-826C-A64238B60FDA).
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 082550F4-E534-CE4B-826C-A64238B60FDA
3.新建分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (2048-7814037134, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-7814037134, default 7814037134): 2930263039
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1.4 TiB.
4.再次打印划分结果
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 082550F4-E534-CE4B-826C-A64238B60FDA
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 2930263039 2930260992 1.4T Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2 2930264064 5860525056 2930260993 1.4T Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 5860526080 7814037134 1953511055 931.5G Linux filesystem
5.保存并退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
6.格式化新增的分区
kz@amax:~$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1
[sudo] password for kz:
meta-data=/dev/sda1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=91570656 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=0, rmapbt=0, reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=366282624, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=178848, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
kz@amax:~$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sda2
meta-data=/dev/sda2 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=91570656 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=0, rmapbt=0, reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=366282624, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=178848, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
kz@amax:~$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=61047221 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=0, rmapbt=0, reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=244188881, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=119232, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
7.将新的分区表变更同步至操作系统
kz@amax:~$ sudo partprobe
8.挂载新建的分区
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /home/kz/
9.设置新添加的磁盘分区开机自动挂载
sudo vim /etc/fstab
添加内容
/dev/sda1 /home/kz xfs defaults 0 0
二、安装cuda
1.确认你有cuda的gpu
lspci | grep -i nvidia
2.查看你的Linux版本
uname -m && cat /etc/*release
3.查看gcc版本
gcc –version
4. 安装zlib1g
sudo apt-get install zlib1g
5.打开cuda官网https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive
下载相应版本安装包
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.7.0/local_installers/cuda_11.7.0_515.43.04_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_11.7.0_515.43.04_linux.run
6.更改环境变量
sudo vim ~/.bashrc
在最后两行写入
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.2/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.2/targets/x86_64-linux/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
7.更新
source ~/.bashrc
8.查看是否安装成功
nvcc -V
三、安装cudnn
1.在官网下载安装包
https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-archive
2．sudo dpkg -i cudnn-local-repo-$distro-8.x.x.x_1.0-1_amd64.deb
3. sudo cp /var/cudnn-local-repo-*/cudnn-local-*-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
4. sudo apt-get update
5. sudo apt-get install libcudnn8=8.x.x.x-1+cudaX.Y
6.sudo apt-get install libcudnn8-dev=8.x.x.x-1+cudaX.Y
7. sudo apt-get install libcudnn8-samples=8.x.x.x-1+cudaX.Y
8.验证
cp -r /usr/src/cudnn_samples_v8/ $HOME
cd $HOME/cudnn_samples_v8/mnistCUDNN
make clean && make
./mnistCUDNN
若成功会显示Test passed!
四、安装Anaconda
1.在官网下载安装包
https://www.anaconda.com/download#downloads
2.安装
bash Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh（一直yes即可）
3.创建自己的环境
conda create -n wl python=3.8 anaconda
五、安装屏幕
sudo apt-get install screen