2020.3.10
一口气看完这篇长文。
只看了一遍文字和单词词组解释。
大体上能够明白，但是有些部分看不太懂。
老师的讲解也没有听，因此对于语言点是真的印象不深。
打算再听一遍老师的讲解，再自己看一遍，把没搞懂的句子全部搞懂，把重要的生词、词组尽量记住。
阅读的过程中，做了不少标记。
但是思想对我倒是挺有启发。
我自己因为之前一个月一直在看小说，因此在阅读这篇文章时时时反省自己，很多句子都说中了我的心思。幸亏是现在停止了沉迷状态之后看的，否则的话，小说的诱惑力太大，我即使当时读了这篇文章，还是会继续沉迷小说的。文章前面几段的描写让我进一步认识到：习惯的力量实在是太巨大了。
我个人也曾经保持了很多很好的习惯，但是寒假期间，把这些习惯全都抛弃了。从昨天开始，又把好习惯一个一个地拾起来了，希望能够很快就重新恢复自制力。
而现在刚好放弃读小说的第2天，发现这里的原则、机制都很有道理。
主要内容：
本文作者：威廉•詹姆斯（William James）（1842-1910）
美国心理学之父。美国本土第一位哲学家和心理学家，也是教育学家，实用主义的倡导者，美国机能主义心理学派创始人之一，也是美国最早的实验心理学家之一。
“习惯，是第二天性！习惯，十倍于天性！Habit a second nature! Habit is ten times
nature”威灵顿公爵曾经如此大声呼号。
习惯之于个体，于社会，都产生着巨大的影响。在作者看来，习惯注定是我们人这一辈子，只能靠早年间，接受到的教养程度，和曾作出的抉择，来打这场生命之战。
威廉•詹姆斯对于习惯的看法，他认为习惯是社会的飞轮，也是守护社会的宝贵力量。它可以使我们开展生命的战役，实现我们的追求。同时，因为习惯应该在关键阶段养成，所以我们要把握好时机，和自己的神经系统做朋友，让神经系统提供支持与帮助。这是威廉•詹姆斯给我们在思想层面的建议。
而在行动层面，威廉•詹姆斯提出来的，养成习惯须遵循的三个准则，简而言之分别是：一，无论是养成新习惯还是摒弃旧习惯，都需要我们全力以赴；二，在新习惯稳妥的建立之前，不允许例外的发生；三，有了决心和情绪，一定要行动。
实践准则离不开的方法，即意志力，而要养成这种意志力，需要不断地练习与克制，并且建议人们通过每天做一点无关紧要的锻炼，让努力的机制在头脑中得以保留。
记录下来的金句：
Habit a secondnature! Habit is ten times nature.
Habit is thus theenormous flywheel of society, its most precious conservative agent.
The great thing,in all education, is to make our nervous system our ally instead of our enemy.It is to fund and capitalize our acquisitions, and live at ease upon theinterest of the fund.
For this we mustmake automatic and habitual, as early as possible, as many useful actions as wecan, and guard against the growing into ways that are likely to bedisadvantageous to us, as we should guard against the plague.
The more of thedetails of our daily life we can hand over to the effortless custody ofautomatism, the more our higher powers of mind will be set free for their ownproper work.
in the acquisitionof a new habit, or the leaving off of an old one, we must take care to launchourselves with as strong and decided an initiative as possible.
Accumulate all thepossible circumstances which shall reinforce the right motives; put yourselfassiduously in conditions that encourage the new way; make engagementsincompatible with the old; take a public pledge, if the case allows; in short,envelop your resolution with every aid you know.
Never suffer anexception to occur till the new habit is securely rooted in your life.
Continuity oftraining is the great means of making the nervous system act infallibly right.
Every gain on thewrong side undoes the effect of many conquests on the right.
The need ofsecuring success at the outset is imperative. Failure at first is apt to dampenthe energy of all future attempts, whereas past experience of success nervesone to future vigor.
It is surprisinghow soon a desire will die of inanition if it be never fed.
He who every daymakes a fresh resolve is like one who, arriving at the edge of the ditch he isto leap, forever stops and returns for a fresh run.
Seize the very first possible opportunity toact on every resolution you make, and on every emotional prompting you mayexperience in the direction of the habits you aspire to gain.
if one have nottaken advantage of every concrete opportunity to act, one’s character mayremain entirely unaffected for the better.
A “character,” asJ.S Mill says, “is a completely fashioned will”; and a will, in the sense inwhich he means it, is an aggregate of tendencies to act in a firm and promptand definite way upon all the principal emergencies of life.
Attention andeffort are but two names for the same psychic fact.
Keep the facultyof effort alive in you by a little gratuitous exercise every day.
We are spinningour own fates, good or evil, and never to be undone. Every smallest stroke ofvirtue or of vice leaves its never so little scar.
Down among hisnerve cells and fibers the molecules are counting it, registering and storingit up to be used against him when the next temptation comes. Nothing we ever dois, in strict scientific literalness, wiped out.
As we becomepermanent drunkards by so many separate drinks, so we become saints in themoral, and authorities and experts in the practical and scientific spheres, byso many separate acts and hours of work.
重复一下重点：行动三原则：
1. In theacquisition of a new habit, or the leaving off of an old one, we must take careto launch ourselves with as strong and decided an initiative as possible.
2. Never suffer anexception to occur till the new habit is securely rooted in your life.
3. Seize the veryfirst possible opportunity to act on every resolution you make, and on everyemotional prompting you may experience in the direction of the habits youaspire to gain.
有一句话让我特别警醒：
The drunken Rip Van Winkle, in Jefferson’s play,excuses himself for every fresh dereliction by saying, “I won’t count thistime!” Well! He may not count it, and a kind Heaven may not count it; but it isbeing counted none the less. Down among his nerve cells and fibers the moleculesare counting it, registering and storing it up to be used against him when thenext temptation comes. Nothing we ever do is, in strict scientific literalness,wiped out.
我想到了我自己的很多毛病（我心里有数），一切行为在身体上，在生理上，必留下痕迹，一旦染上恶习，以后会越来越容易受到诱惑而又重新染上恶习。一切都留在我们的身体里。