深入剖析 Spring 框架的 BeanFactory

https://www.cnblogs.com/digdeep/p/4518571.html

说到Spring框架,人们往往大谈特谈一些似乎高逼格的东西,比如依赖注入,控制反转,面向切面等等。但是却忘记了最基本的一点,Spring的本质是一个bean工厂(beanFactory)或者说bean容器,它按照我们的要求,生产我们需要的各种各样的bean,提供给我们使用。只是在生产bean的过程中,需要解决bean之间的依赖问题,才引入了依赖注入(DI)这种技术。也就是说依赖注入是beanFactory生产bean时为了解决bean之间的依赖的一种技术而已。

那么我们为什么需要Spring框架来给我们提供这个beanFactory的功能呢?原因是一般我们认为是,可以将原来硬编码的依赖,通过Spring这个beanFactory这个工长来注入依赖,也就是说原来只有依赖方和被依赖方,现在我们引入了第三方——spring这个beanFactory,由它来解决bean之间的依赖问题,达到了松耦合的效果;这个只是原因之一,还有一个更加重要的原因:在没有spring这个beanFactory之前,我们都是直接通过new来实例化各种对象,现在各种对象bean的生产都是通过beanFactory来实例化的,这样的话,spring这个beanFactory就可以在实例化bean的过程中,做一些小动作——在实例化bean的各个阶段进行一些额外的处理,也就是说beanFactory会在bean的生命周期的各个阶段中对bean进行各种管理,并且spring将这些阶段通过各种接口暴露给我们,让我们可以对bean进行各种处理,我们只要让bean实现对应的接口,那么spring就会在bean的生命周期调用我们实现的接口来处理该bean。

1. bean容器的启动

bean在实例化之前,必须是在bean容器启动之后。所以就有了两个阶段:

1)bean容器的启动阶段;

2)容器中bean的实例化阶段;

在启动阶段,

1> 首先是读取bean的xml配置文件,然后解析xml文件中的各种bean的定义,将xml文件中的每一个元素分别转换成一个BeanDefinition对象,其中保存了从配置文件中读取到的该bean的各种信息:

public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinition extends BeanMetadataAttributeAccessor
        implements BeanDefinition, Cloneable {
 private volatile Object beanClass;
    private String scope = SCOPE_DEFAULT;
    private boolean abstractFlag = false;
    private boolean lazyInit = false;
    private int autowireMode = AUTOWIRE_NO;
    private int dependencyCheck = DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE;
    private String[] dependsOn;private ConstructorArgumentValues constructorArgumentValues;
    private MutablePropertyValues propertyValues;private String factoryBeanName;
    private String factoryMethodName;
    private String initMethodName;
    private String destroyMethodName;

beanClass保存bean的class属性,scop保存bean是否单例,abstractFlag保存该bean是否抽象,lazyInit保存是否延迟初始化,autowireMode保存是否自动装配,dependencyCheck保存是否坚持依赖,dependsOn保存该bean依赖于哪些bean(这些bean必须提取初始化),constructorArgumentValues保存通过构造函数注入的依赖,propertyValues保存通过setter方法注入的依赖,factoryBeanName和factoryMethodName用于factorybean,也就是工厂类型的bean,initMethodName和destroyMethodName分别对应bean的init-method和destory-method属性,比如:


读完配置文件之后,得到了很多的BeanDefinition对象,

2> 然后通过BeanDefinitionRegistry将这些bean注册到beanFactory中:

public interface BeanDefinitionRegistry extends AliasRegistry {
    void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)throws BeanDefinitionStoreException;
    void removeBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
    BeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
    boolean containsBeanDefinition(String beanName);
    String[] getBeanDefinitionNames();
    int getBeanDefinitionCount();
    boolean isBeanNameInUse(String beanName);
}

BeanFactory的实现类,需要实现BeanDefinitionRegistry 接口:

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
        implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {
    /** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
    private final Map beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap(64);
    
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
            throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        // ... ...
       this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
       // ... ...
    }

我们看到BeanDefinition被注册到了 DefaultListableBeanFactory, 保存在它的一个ConcurrentHashMap中。

将BeanDefinition注册到了beanFactory之后,在这里Spring为我们提供了一个扩展的切口,允许我们通过实现接口BeanFactoryPostProcessor 在此处来插入我们定义的代码:

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    /**
     * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
     * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
     * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding
     * properties even to eager-initializing beans.
     * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     */
    void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}

典型的例子就是:PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,我们一般在配置数据库的dataSource时使用到的占位符的值,就是它注入进去的:

public abstract class PropertyResourceConfigurer extends PropertiesLoaderSupport
        implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        try {
            Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();
            // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
            convertProperties(mergedProps);
            // Let the subclass process the properties.
            processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
        }
    }

processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);在子类中实现的,功能就是将


        
        
        

${jdbc_username}等等这些替换成实际值。

bean的实例化阶段

实例化阶段主要是通过反射或者CGLIB对bean进行实例化,在这个阶段Spring又给我们暴露了很多的扩展点:

1> 各种的Aware接口,比如 BeanFactoryAware,MessageSourceAware,ApplicationContextAware

对于实现了这些Aware接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们注入对应的:BeanFactory, MessageSource,ApplicationContext的实例:

public interface BeanFactoryAware extends Aware {
    /**
     * Callback that supplies the owning factory to a bean instance.
     * 

Invoked after the population of normal bean properties * but before an initialization callback such as * {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} or a custom init-method. * @param beanFactory owning BeanFactory (never {@code null}). * The bean can immediately call methods on the factory. * @throws BeansException in case of initialization errors * @see BeanInitializationException */ void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException; }

public interface ApplicationContextAware extends Aware {
    /**
     * Set the ApplicationContext that this object runs in.
     * Normally this call will be used to initialize the object.
     * 

Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init callback such * as {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} * or a custom init-method. Invoked after {@link ResourceLoaderAware#setResourceLoader}, * {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware#setApplicationEventPublisher} and * {@link MessageSourceAware}, if applicable. * @param applicationContext the ApplicationContext object to be used by this object * @throws ApplicationContextException in case of context initialization errors * @throws BeansException if thrown by application context methods * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException */ void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException; }

public interface MessageSourceAware extends Aware {
    /**
     * Set the MessageSource that this object runs in.
     * 

Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init * callback like InitializingBean's afterPropertiesSet or a custom init-method. * Invoked before ApplicationContextAware's setApplicationContext. * @param messageSource message sourceto be used by this object */ void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource); }

2> BeanPostProcessor接口

实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface BeanPostProcessor {
    /**
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance before any bean
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/
    Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
    /**
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance after any bean
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/
    Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
}

从注释中可以知道 postProcessBeforeInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的 afterPropertiesSet方法之前执行,而postProcessAfterInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法之后执行。

3> InitializingBean接口

实现了InitializingBean接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface InitializingBean {
    /**
     * Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied
     * (and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).
     * 

This method allows the bean instance to perform initialization only * possible when all bean properties have been set and to throw an * exception in the event of misconfiguration. * @throws Exception in the event of misconfiguration (such * as failure to set an essential property) or if initialization fails. */ void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception; }

4> DisposableBean接口

实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在该bean死亡时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface DisposableBean {
    /**
     * Invoked by a BeanFactory on destruction of a singleton.
     * @throws Exception in case of shutdown errors.
     * Exceptions will get logged but not rethrown to allow
     * other beans to release their resources too.
     */
    void destroy() throws Exception;
}

InitializingBean接口 和 DisposableBean接口对应于 的 init-method 和 destory-method 属性,其经典的例子就是dataSource:

所以在Spring初始化 dataSource 这个bean之后会调用 DruidDataSource.init 方法:

public void init() throws SQLException {
        // ... ...try {
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new SQLException("interrupt", e);
        }
        boolean init = false;
        try {  
            connections = new DruidConnectionHolder[maxActive];
            SQLException connectError = null;
            try {                
                for (int i = 0, size = getInitialSize(); i < size; ++i) {
                    Connection conn = createPhysicalConnection();
                    DruidConnectionHolder holder = new DruidConnectionHolder(this, conn);
                    connections[poolingCount++] = holder;
                }
                if (poolingCount > 0) {
                    poolingPeak = poolingCount;
                    poolingPeakTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                }
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                LOG.error("init datasource error", ex);
                connectError = ex;
            }          
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOG.error("dataSource init error", e);
            throw e;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new SQLException(e.getMessage(), e);
        } finally {
            inited = true;
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

基本就是初始化数据库连接池。

在dataSource 这个bean死亡时会调用 DruidDataSource.close()方法:

public void close() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
          for (int i = 0; i < poolingCount; ++i) {
                try {
                    DruidConnectionHolder connHolder = connections[i];
                    for (PreparedStatementHolder stmtHolder : connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().values()) {
                        connHolder.getStatementPool().closeRemovedStatement(stmtHolder);
                    }
                    connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().clear();
                    Connection physicalConnection = connHolder.getConnection();
                    physicalConnection.close();
                    connections[i] = null;
                    destroyCount.incrementAndGet();
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    LOG.warn("close connection error", ex);
                }
            }          
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

基本就是关闭连接池中的连接。

另外注解 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 也能达到 InitializingBean接口 和 DisposableBean接口的效果。

2. 总结

spring容器接管了bean的实例化,不仅仅是通过依赖注入达到了松耦合的效果,同时给我们提供了各种的扩展接口,来在bean的生命周期的各个时期插入我们自己的代码:

0)BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口(在容器启动阶段)

1)各种的Aware接口

2)BeanPostProcessor接口

3)InitializingBean接口(@PostConstruct, init-method)

4)DisposableBean接口(@PreDestroy, destory-method)

3. FactoryBean接口

实现了FactoryBean接口的bean是一类叫做factory的bean。其特点是,spring会在使用getBean()调用获得该bean时,会自动调用该bean的getObject()方法,所以返回的不是factory这个bean,而是这个bean.getOjbect()方法的返回值:

public interface FactoryBean {
    T getObject() throws Exception;
    Class getObjectType();
    boolean isSingleton();
}

典型的例子有spring与mybatis的结合:


      
      
      
    

我们看上面该bean,因为实现了FactoryBean接口,所以返回的不是 SqlSessionFactoryBean 的实例,而是她的 SqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject() 的返回值:

public class SqlSessionFactoryBean implements FactoryBean, InitializingBean, ApplicationListener {

  private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SqlSessionFactoryBean.class);

  private Resource configLocation;

  private Resource[] mapperLocations;

  private DataSource dataSource;
  
  public SqlSessionFactory getObject() throws Exception {
    if (this.sqlSessionFactory == null) {
      afterPropertiesSet();
    }

    return this.sqlSessionFactory;
  }

其实他是一个专门生产 sqlSessionFactory 的工厂,所以才叫 SqlSessionFactoryBean。 而SqlSessionFactory又是生产SqlSession的工厂。

还有spring与ibatis的结合:


    
        
        
    
public class SqlMapClientFactoryBean implements FactoryBean, InitializingBean {
    private Resource[] configLocations;
    private Resource[] mappingLocations;
    private Properties sqlMapClientProperties;
    private DataSource dataSource;
    private boolean useTransactionAwareDataSource = true;
    private Class transactionConfigClass = ExternalTransactionConfig.class;
    private Properties transactionConfigProperties;
    private LobHandler lobHandler;
    private SqlMapClient sqlMapClient;
    public SqlMapClient getObject() {
        return this.sqlMapClient;
    }

SqlMapClientFactoryBean 返回的是 getObject() 中返回的 sqlMapClient, 而不是 SqlMapClientFactoryBean 自己的实例。

4. 依赖注入(DI)

1) 依赖注入的方式分为构造函数注入和setter方法注入:


    
    


构造函数注入使用:,对于非简单参数,需要使用ref

    
      
      
      
    

setter方法注入使用 , 非简单类型属性使用ref

2)集合等复杂类型的注入:


    
    
        
            [email protected]
            [email protected]
            [email protected]
        
    
    
    
        
            a list element followed by a reference
            
        
    
    
    
        
            
            
        
    
    
    
        
            just some string
            
        
    

也很简单,list属性就是 里面包含或者或者, set也类似。map是里面包含这个也好理解,因为map的实现就是使用内部类Entry来存储key和value. Properties是 里面包含.

5. 元素可以配置的属性:

除了 id 和 class 属性之外,还有一些可选的属性:

1) scope属性,默认 的 scope就是 singleton="true", springmvc和struts2的重要区别之一就是spring的controll是单例的,而struts2的action是:scope="prototype" ,还有 scope="request" , scope="session",scope="globalSession"(仅用于portlet)

2)abstract属性,是否是抽象的bean:

    
        
        
        
    
    

3)depends-on 依赖于某个bean,其必须先初始化:

4)lazy-init="true" 是否延迟初始化,默认为 false

5) dependency-check 是否对bean依赖的其它bean进行检查,默认值为 none,可取值有:none, simple, object, all等

6)factory-method 和 factory-bean用于静态工厂和非静态工厂:


 

7)init-method, destory-method 指定bean初始化和死亡时调用的方法,常用于 dataSource的连接池的配置

**8) **lookup-method 方法注入:

 

   
  

表示 mockPersister 有一个依赖属性 newsBean,该属性的每次注入都是通过调用newsBean.getNewsBean() 方法获得的。

9) autowire 是否启用自动装配依赖,默认为 no, 其它取值还有:byName, byType, constructor

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