多机多卡运行nccl-tests和channel获取
nccl-tests
- 环境
-
- 1. 安装nccl
- 2. 安装openmpi
- 3. 单机测试
- 4. 多机测试
-
- mpirun多机多进程
- 多节点运行nccl-tests
- channel获取
环境
- Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-91-generic x86_64)
- cuda 11.8+ cudnn 8
- nccl 2.15.1
- NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 *2
1. 安装nccl
#查看cuda版本
nvcc -V
Nvidia官网下载链接 （不过好像需要注册一个Nvidia账户）
根据自己的cuda版本去寻找想要的版本，单击对应行即可显示下载步骤。
采取 Network Installer即可，我选择了nccl2.15.1+cuda11.8
#配置网络存储库
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb
sudo apt-get update
#安装特定版本
sudo apt install libnccl2=2.15.1-1+cuda11.8 libnccl-dev=2.15.1-1+cuda11.8
#确认系统nccl版本
dpkg -l | grep nccl
2. 安装openmpi
#apt安装openmpi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openmpi-bin openmpi-doc libopenmpi-dev
#验证是否安装成功
mpirun --version
3. 单机测试
nccl-test GitHub链接
如何执行测试和相关参数参考readme.md即可，已经描述的很详细了。
NCCL测试依赖于MPI以在多个进程和多个节点上工作。如果你想使用MPI支持编译这些测试，需要将环境变量MPI设置为1，并将MPI_HOME设置为MPI安装的路径。
#克隆该repo
git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl-tests.git
cd nccl-tests
# 编译支持mpi的test
make MPI=1 MPI_HOME=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi
成功后会在build目录下生成可执行文件
NCCL测试可以在多个进程、多个线程和每个线程上的多个CUDA设备上运行。进程的数量由MPI进行管理，因此不作为参数传递给测试（可以通过mpirun -np n（n为进程数）来指定）。
总的ranks数量（即CUDA设备数，也是总的gpu数量）=（进程数）*（线程数）*（每个线程的GPU数）。
可以先通过nvidia-smi topo -m命令查看机器内拓扑结构，这里是双卡，两个gpu之间连接方式是PIX（Connection traversing at most a single PCIe bridge）
在 2个 GPU 上运行 （ -g 2 ），扫描范围从 8 字节到 128MB ：
./build/all_reduce_perf -b 8 -e 128M -f 2 -g 2
这里-b表示minBytes，-e表示maxBytes，-g表示两张卡，-f表示数据量每次乘2，如开始是8B，往后依次是16，32，64字节…
-g后面的gpu数量不能超过实际的数量，否则会报如下错误- invalid Device ordinal
单机执行结果如下：
这里执行all_reduce操作时算法带宽（algbw）和总线带宽（busbw）是一致的，并且都是随着数据量的增大而增大。关于二者的区别可见https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl-tests/blob/master/doc/PERFORMANCE.md#bandwidth
4. 多机测试
关于mpi的基本了解和使用，可参考这篇文章 DL分布式训练基础之openmpi
mpirun多机多进程
这里使用2个节点(126,127）。 运行mpirun命令的为头节点(这里用126)，它是通过ssh远程命令来拉起其他节点（127）的业务进程的，故它需要密码访问其他host
#在126生成RSA公钥，并copy给127即可
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.72.127
如果ssh的端口不是22，可以在mpirun命令后添加参数-mca plm_rsh_args "-p 端口号" ，除此之外，还可以在主节点上编辑以下文件
nano ~/.ssh/config
#添加以下内容
Host 192.168.72.127
Port 2233
指定连接到特定主机时使用的端口（例如2233），并确保在执行之前检查并设置~/.ssh/config文件的权限，使其对你的用户是私有
的：
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config
这样配置后，当你使用SSH连接到主机192.168.72.127，SSH将使用端口2233，可以减少在‘mpirun‘命令中指定端口的需要。
然后可以进行多节点测试，节点个数对应-np 后的数字，这里新建一个hostfile内容如下，每行一个ip地址就可以
192.168.72.126
192.168.72.127
mpirun -np 2 -hostfile hostfile -pernode \
bash -c 'echo "Hello from process $OMPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK of $OMPI_COMM_WORLD_SIZE on $(hostname)"'
多节点运行nccl-tests
运行以下命令,这里对应双机4卡，注意np后面的进程数*单个节点gpu数（-g 指定）=总的gpu数量，即之前提到的等式
总的ranks数量（即CUDA设备数，也是总的gpu数量）=（进程数）*（线程数）*（每个线程的GPU数）。
mpirun -np 2 -pernode \
--allow-run-as-root \
-hostfile hostfile \
-mca btl_tcp_if_include eno2 \
-x NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eno2 \
./build/all_reduce_perf -b 8 -e 128M -f 2 -g 2 -c 0
避免每次命令加–allow-run-as-root
echo 'export OMPI_ALLOW_RUN_AS_ROOT_CONFIRM=1' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export OMPI_ALLOW_RUN_AS_ROOT=1' >> ~/.bashrc
不添加参数-mca btl_tcp_if_include eno2 的话会报错如下：Open MPI accepted a TCP connection from what appears to be a
another Open MPI process but cannot find a corresponding process entry for that peer.
eno2替换为自己的网卡接口名称，可通过ifconfig查看。
执行结果如下：
可以看到，同样的操作，同样的数据量双机比单机慢了不是一点，这里平均总先带宽0.07 GB/s,而前文的单机是3.25.
当然这里使用的是普通的千兆以太网，带宽最高1GB/s，也没有IB网卡等。
之前使用100G的网卡测试的带宽双机是可以达到1.几G，现在100G的网卡接口暂时不能用了就没有测。
channel获取
channel的概念：
nccl中channel的概念表示一个通信路径，为了更好的利用带宽和网卡，以及同一块数据可以通过多个channel并发通信，nccl会使用多channel，搜索的过程就是搜索出来一组channel。
具体一点可以参考以下文章：
如何理解Nvidia英伟达的Multi-GPU多卡通信框架NCCL？ - Connolly的回答 - 知乎
https://www.zhihu.com/question/63219175/answer/2768301153
获取channel：
mpirun命令中添加参数-x NCCL_DEBUG=INFO \即可，详细信息就会输出到终端
mpirun -np 2 -pernode \
-hostfile hostfile \
-mca btl_tcp_if_include eno2 \
-x NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eno2 \
-x NCCL_DEBUG=INFO \
-x NCCL_IGNORE_DISABLED_P2P=1 \
-x CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 \
./build/all_reduce_perf -b 8 -e 128M -f 2 -g 2 -c 0
执行结果：
nThread 1 nGpus 2 minBytes 8 maxBytes 134217728 step: 2(factor) warmup iters: 5 iters: 20 agg iters: 1 validation: 0 graph: 0
#
# Using devices
Rank 0 Group 0 Pid 685547 on nccl4 device 0 [0xcd] NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
Rank 1 Group 0 Pid 685547 on nccl4 device 1 [0xcf] NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
Rank 2 Group 0 Pid 1728006 on nccl5 device 0 [0xcd] NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
Rank 3 Group 0 Pid 1728006 on nccl5 device 1 [0xcf] NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
nccl4:685547:685547 [0] NCCL INFO Bootstrap : Using eno2:10.112.205.39<0>
nccl4:685547:685547 [0] NCCL INFO NET/Plugin : No plugin found (libnccl-net.so), using internal implementation
nccl4:685547:685547 [0] NCCL INFO cudaDriverVersion 12020
NCCL version 2.15.1+cuda11.8
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO NET/IB : No device found.
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO NET/Socket : Using [0]eno2:10.112.205.39<0>
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Using network Socket
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Using network Socket
nccl5:1728006:1728006 [0] NCCL INFO cudaDriverVersion 12020
nccl5:1728006:1728006 [0] NCCL INFO Bootstrap : Using eno2:10.112.57.233<0>
nccl5:1728006:1728006 [0] NCCL INFO NET/Plugin : No plugin found (libnccl-net.so), using internal implementation
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO NET/IB : No device found.
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO NET/Socket : Using [0]eno2:10.112.57.233<0>
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Using network Socket
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Using network Socket
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO NCCL_IGNORE_DISABLED_P2P set by environment to 1.
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO NCCL_IGNORE_DISABLED_P2P set by environment to 1.
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/02 : 0 1 2 3
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/02 : 0 1 2 3
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Trees [0] 1/2/-1->0->-1 [1] 1/-1/-1->0->2
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Trees [0] -1/-1/-1->1->0 [1] -1/-1/-1->1->0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Trees [0] 3/-1/-1->2->0 [1] 3/0/-1->2->-1
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Trees [0] -1/-1/-1->3->2 [1] -1/-1/-1->3->2
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 1[cf000] -> 2[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 3[cf000] -> 0[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 1[cf000] -> 2[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00 : 2[cd000] -> 3[cf000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01 : 2[cd000] -> 3[cf000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 1[cf000] -> 2[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 3[cf000] -> 0[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 3[cf000] -> 0[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00 : 0[cd000] -> 1[cf000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01 : 0[cd000] -> 1[cf000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 1[cf000] -> 2[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 3[cf000] -> 0[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Connected all rings
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 00 : 1[cf000] -> 0[cd000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 01 : 1[cf000] -> 0[cd000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Connected all rings
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Connected all rings
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Connected all rings
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 00 : 3[cf000] -> 2[cd000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Channel 01 : 3[cf000] -> 2[cd000] via SHM/direct/direct
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 2[cd000] -> 0[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 0[cd000] -> 2[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 2[cd000] -> 0[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 0[cd000] -> 2[cd000] [receive] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 0[cd000] -> 2[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 00/0 : 2[cd000] -> 0[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 0[cd000] -> 2[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Channel 01/0 : 2[cd000] -> 0[cd000] [send] via NET/Socket/0
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO Connected all trees
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO threadThresholds 8/8/64 | 32/8/64 | 512 | 512
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO 2 coll channels, 2 p2p channels, 2 p2p channels per peer
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO Connected all trees
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO threadThresholds 8/8/64 | 32/8/64 | 512 | 512
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO 2 coll channels, 2 p2p channels, 2 p2p channels per peer
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO Connected all trees
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO threadThresholds 8/8/64 | 32/8/64 | 512 | 512
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO 2 coll channels, 2 p2p channels, 2 p2p channels per peer
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO Connected all trees
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO threadThresholds 8/8/64 | 32/8/64 | 512 | 512
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO 2 coll channels, 2 p2p channels, 2 p2p channels per peer
nccl4:685547:685563 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x55aec4722370 rank 0 nranks 4 cudaDev 0 busId cd000 - Init COMPLETE
nccl4:685547:685564 [1] NCCL INFO comm 0x55aec472e1e0 rank 1 nranks 4 cudaDev 1 busId cf000 - Init COMPLETE
nccl5:1728006:1728014 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x557f5e599d40 rank 2 nranks 4 cudaDev 0 busId cd000 - Init COMPLETE
nccl5:1728006:1728015 [1] NCCL INFO comm 0x557f5e5a5f20 rank 3 nranks 4 cudaDev 1 busId cf000 - Init COMPLETE
nccl4:685547:685547 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x55aec4722370 rank 0 nranks 4 cudaDev 0 busId cd000 - Destroy COMPLETE
nccl5:1728006:1728006 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x557f5e599d40 rank 2 nranks 4 cudaDev 0 busId cd000 - Destroy COMPLETE
nccl4:685547:685547 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x55aec472e1e0 rank 1 nranks 4 cudaDev 1 busId cf000 - Destroy COMPLETE
nccl5:1728006:1728006 [0] NCCL INFO comm 0x557f5e5a5f20 rank 3 nranks 4 cudaDev 1 busId cf000 - Destroy COMPLETE
最后就是上图中的带宽展示，这里没有放上去。
以上就是双机4卡nccl执行的一个过程，后续计划结合nccl和nccl-tests的源代码分析一下总体流程，重点是channel部分。