Docker的常用基本命令
帮助命令
- docker version #显示docker的版本信息
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 25.0.3
API version: 1.44
Go version: go1.21.6
Git commit: 4debf41
Built: Tue Feb 6 21:17:10 2024
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 25.0.3
API version: 1.44 (minimum version 1.24)
Go version: go1.21.6
Git commit: f417435
Built: Tue Feb 6 21:16:08 2024
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.6.28
GitCommit: ae07eda36dd25f8a1b98dfbf587313b99c0190bb
runc:
Version: 1.1.12
GitCommit: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
- docker info #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
- docker 命令 --help #帮助命令,可以看到docker的常用命令
镜像命令
- docker images #查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
- -a #显示全部的镜像
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 years ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 years ago 13.3kB
- -q #只显示镜像的id
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker images -q
3218b38490ce
feb5d9fea6a5
- docker search #搜索镜像 --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14854 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5674 [OK]
- docker pull #下载镜像
#通过指定版本下载镜像 [root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Already exists 93619dbc5b36: Already exists 99da31dd6142: Already exists 626033c43d70: Already exists 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists ac563158d721: Already exists d2ba16033dad: Already exists 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 37f2405cae96: Pull complete e2482e017e53: Pull complete 70deed891d42: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag,默认就是 latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest #mysql真实地址 #docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest - docker rmi #删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id #强行删除指定镜像
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker rmi -f 3218b38490ce
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部镜像
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker rmi $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete feb5d9fea6a5 (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container fc89cb3194f3
容器命令
- 下载一个centOS:7版本的镜像
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7- 新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-P 随机指定端口
#启动并进入容器
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@c549c91c0d97 /]#
exit #退出容器 Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不关闭退出
docker ps 命令
#查看正在运行的容器
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker ps -a #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c549c91c0d97 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 seconds ago condescending_hypatia
ad459c62fee0 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago silly_robinson
fc89cb3194f3 hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago friendly_fermat
-n = ? #显示最近创建的容器
[root@localhost xiezuotao]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c549c91c0d97 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago condescending_hypatia
-q #只显示容器的编号
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定id容器 rm -f可以强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器- 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器