当我们构建一个中大型单页应用,需要考虑如何更好地在组件外部管理状态的时候,我们就会借助一些状态管理器帮助我们完成这些操作。
相比于 Vuex
,Pinia
提供了更简洁直接的组合式风格的API
(去掉了 mutation ),action可以支持同步和异步。去掉了 modules 的概念,每一个 store 都是一个独立的模块。
其次,在使用 TypeScript
时也提供了比较完善的类型推导。所以在开发vue3的项目的时候,我们更为推荐使用pinia。
pnpm install pinia
# or with yarn
yarn add pinia
# or with npm
npm install pinia
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
import App from './App.vue'
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(pinia)
app.mount('#app')
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
//您可以将'defineStore()'的返回值命名为任意名称,
//但最好使用store的名称,并用“use”将其包围,这是一个不错的规范
//(例如`useUserStore`、`useCartStore`和`useProductStore`)
//第一个参数是应用程序中存储的唯一id
export const useAdminStore = defineStore('admin', {
// 其他选项...
})
//定义一个完整的store
//与 Vue的选项API类似,我们也可以传递带有属性的选项对象。state actions getters
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({ count: 0, name: 'Eduardo' }),
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
},
actions: {
increment() {
this.count++
},
},
})
//您可以将其视为store的属性,也可以将其视为vue的属性,
//state => data
//getters => computed
//actions => methods
//这样会更容易记忆
/* 还有另一种可能的语法来定义存储。与 Vue3组合API的设置函数类似,
我们可以传入一个函数来定义反应式属性和方法,并返回一个包含我们要公
开的属性和方法的对象。*/
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', () => {
const count = ref(0)
const name = ref('Eduardo')
const doubleCount = computed(() => count.value * 2)
function increment() {
count.value++
}
return { count, name, doubleCount, increment }
})
//给 state 加上类型推导
interface UserInfo {
name: string
age: number
}
export const useUserStore = defineStore('user', {
state: () => {
return {
userList: [] as UserInfo[],
user: null as UserInfo | null,
}
},
})
//或者给整个state加上类型推导
interface UserInfo {
name: string
age: number
}
interface State {
userList: UserInfo[]
user: UserInfo | null
}
export const useUserStore = defineStore('user', {
state: (): State => {
return {
userList: [],
user: null,
}
},
})
import { useAdminStore } from '@/stores/user'
const store = useAdminStore()
console.log('name',store.name)
import { useAdminStore } from '@/stores/user'
const store = useAdminStore()
store..$reset()
//1.直接改变
store.name = 'new name'
//2.$patch
store.$patch({
sex: 1,
age: store.age + 1,
name: 'new name',
})
//或
useUserStore.$patch((state) => {
state.items.push({ name: 'jack', age: 18 })
state.ishasStatus = true
})
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({
count: 0,
}),
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
},
})
//添加类型约束
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({
count: 0,
}),
getters: {
// automatically infers the return type as a number
doubleCount(state) {
return state.count * 2
},
// the return type **must** be explicitly set
doublePlusOne(): number {
// autocompletion and typings for the whole store ✨
return this.doubleCount + 1
},
},
})
Double count is {{ store.doubleCount }}
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({
count: 0,
}),
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
doubleCountPlusOne() {
// autocompletion
return this.doubleCount + 1
},
},
})
//@/stores/admin
export const useAdminStore = defineStore('admin', {
getters: {
getUserById: (state) => {
return (userId) => state.users.find((user) => user.id === userId)
},
},
})
//组件中使用
User 2: {{ getUserById(2) }}
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({
count: 0,
}),
actions: {
// 因为我们依赖“this”,所以不能使用箭头函数
increment() {
this.count++
},
randomizeCounter() {
this.count = Math.round(100 * Math.random())
},
},
})
/*与 getter 一样,操作通过完全键入(和自动完成)支持来访问整个商店实例。
与 getter 不同,操作可以是异步的*/
import { mande } from 'mande'
const api = mande('/api/users')
export const useUsers = defineStore('users', {
state: () => ({
userData: null,
// ...
}),
actions: {
async registerUser(login, password) {
try {
this.userData = await api.post({ login, password })
console.log(`Welcome back ${this.userData.name}!`)
} catch (error) {
console.log(error)
// let the form component display the error
return error
}
},
},
})