T-SQL 备份和还原

总结了一些SQL Server常用的备份还原T-SQL 语句,代码基本是支持2005/2008的,不过部分功能需要企业版数据库

http://www.cnblogs.com/bhtfg538/archive/2009/09/14/1566127.html

 

使用镜像备份

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:使用镜像备份

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT);



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1;



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' MIRROR TO DISK='c:\2.bak'

WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia';



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T



DROP DATABASE db;

GO

使用多备份设备组成媒体集进行备份还原

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:使用多备份设备组成媒体集进行备份还原

*/



--删除已经存在的db数据库

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



--创建数据库db

CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



--创建T表

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));



--插入一条记录

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES



--首先使用FORMAT启用一个新的媒体标头,然后分别放到3个磁盘中,形成一个备份集,同时命名一个媒体名

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'

WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia'



--插入一条记录

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES



--创建一个差异备份,必须强制的与主备份一样的路径(3个磁盘),使用相同的路径的话,可以通过媒体标头区分上文的主备份与现在的差异备份,因为我们使用了NOFORMAT关键字,就是不重新初始化媒体(这也叫追加媒体集).还有加上DIFFERENTIAL以表示是差异备份.还要指定媒体名称

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'

WITH NOFORMAT/*或者使用NOINIT,效果一样的哈*/,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',DIFFERENTIAL;

GO



--还原主备份

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'

WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=1,NORECOVERY,REPLACE;



--还原差异备份(注意FILE=2,因为他标头的备份是属于2顺序的.第一个备份的就是1,依次类推)

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'

WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=2,NORECOVERY;



--数据库在线

RESTORE DATABASE db WITH RECOVERY



--测试记录

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

GO

数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式）

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式）

*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db

ON PRIMARY

(

    NAME=db_data,

    FILENAME='c:\1.mdf'

),

FILEGROUP FG

(

    NAME=db_data_fg,

    FILENAME='c:\2.ndf'

)

LOG ON

(

    NAME=db_log,

    FILENAME='c:\1.ldf'

)

GO



--在主文件组下创建表T

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON [PRIMARY];



--插入记录

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1

GO



--主文件组在线,那么就视为数据库在线

--创建文件db_data_fg备份

BACKUP DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT



--进行在先还原,指定NORECOVERY 以后,就只能按顺序进行前滚,同时文件离线还原状态.

RESTORE DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY



--创建表失败,因为离线

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;



--主文件组不受影响,因为只是FG离线还原,只有企业版才支持哈.这种情况下 生产环境中,不至于数据库全部挂了.

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T



--备份日志,使用COPY_ONLY,因为是要获取的日志是离线状态时候的,COPY_ONLY仅复制备份是在 SQL Server 2005 中引入的，用于在执行特殊目的的备份（例如在联机文件还原前备份日志）时使用

--如果是只读文件的话,明显不会出现差异数据,所以不需要日志备份了

--简单恢复模式的话,日志都不能备份,所以也是一样

--顺便提一句,如果数据库是文件损坏,而且损坏时候都在线,要使用NO_TRUNCATE获取日志

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,COPY_ONLY;



--恢复LOG

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY



--FG终于在线了,恭喜下,创建一个T1表

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;

GO



DROP DATABASE db;

数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式）

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式）

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db

GO



--创建包含多个文件组的数据库db

CREATE DATABASE db

ON PRIMARY 

(

    NAME=db_data,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'

),

FILEGROUP A

(

    NAME=db_data_a,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data_a.ndf'

),

FILEGROUP B

(

    NAME=db_data_b,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data_b.ndf'

),

FILEGROUP C

(

    NAME=db_data_c,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data_c.ndf'

)

LOG ON

(

    NAME=db_log,

    FILENAME='c:\db_log.ldf'    

)

GO



--在主文件组下创建表

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [PRIMARY];



--备份主文件组PRIMARY

BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' TO DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH FORMAT;



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES



--备份当前日志

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH FORMAT;



GO



--在B文件组下面创建表

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [B];



--备份文件组B

BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' TO DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH FORMAT;



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES



--备份当前日志

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH FORMAT;



GO



--备份C

BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' TO DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH FORMAT;



--备份A

BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' TO DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH FORMAT;



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES



--备份当前日志

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH FORMAT;



GO



--模拟破坏,删除其中一个ndf,然后制定NORECOVERY关键字,使数据库处于RESTOING状态,NO_TRUNCATE表示损坏还能备份

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH NORECOVERY, NO_TRUNCATE,FORMAT

GO



--首先恢复主文件组,注意现在是段落还原,所以要制定PARTIAL,而且只能出现一次该关键字.

RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' FROM DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH PARTIAL,NORECOVERY;



--恢复所有日志,注意先后顺序,日志是不区分文件组,所以全部都要恢复

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY



--结果正确 ,返回1行记录

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T



--出错,因为段落未还原的文件组,都处于离线状态

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1

GO



--恢复A文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组A的备份

RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY

GO



--恢复B文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组B的备份

RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1

GO



--恢复C文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组C的备份

RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY

GO



--删除测试数据库

DROP DATABASE db

GO

恢复到特定的备份日期

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:恢复到特定的备份日期

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;

GO



WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01';



DECLARE @Datetime BINARY(128);

SET @Datetime=CAST(GETDATE() AS BINARY(128));

SET CONTEXT_INFO @Datetime

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;

GO



BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



DECLARE @Now DATETIME;

SET @Now=DATEADD(SECOND,-1,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME)));

--SET @Now=DATEADD(MS,-20,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME)));



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,STOPAT=@Now;

GO



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T



DROP DATABASE db;

GO

使用日志恢复数据库

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:使用日志恢复数据库

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;

GO



BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;

GO



BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;

GO



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;

GO



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

GO



DROP DATABASE db;

使用NO_TRUNCATE 备份损坏的DB

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:使用NO_TRUNCATE 备份损坏的DB

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db

ON PRIMARY

(

    NAME=db_data,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'

),

(

    NAME=db_data1,

    FILENAME='c:\db_data1.ndf'

)

LOG ON

(

    NAME=db_log,

    FILENAME='c:\db_log.log'

);

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;

GO



--CMD-> net stop mssqlserver

--删除c:\db_data1.ndf 模拟破坏

--CMD-> net start mssqlserver



BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,NO_TRUNCATE

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;

GO



SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T



DROP DATABASE db;

GO

差异备份,日志备份还原

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:差异备份,日志备份还原

*/



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db

GO



CREATE DATABASE db

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,DIFFERENTIAL

GO



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

GO



BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT

GO



DROP DATABASE db;



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;

GO



DROP DATABASE db;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;



DROP DATABASE db;



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;



DROP DATABASE db;

还原master数据库

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:还原master数据库

*/



--Bakup master database

BACKUP DATABASE [master] TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak' WITH FORMAT



--Test for creating database

CREATE DATABASE db 

ON PRIMARY

(

    NAME=db_data,

    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf'

)

LOG ON

(

    NAME=db_log,

    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf'

);



--开始菜单->运行->services.msc->找到sqlserver服务以及对应的实例->找到对应服务的路径(F:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\)->在运行中输入cmd->cd 刚才的目录->输入sqlservr.exe -m(单用户模式登录)->然后打开SSMS->新建一个查询(注意只有一个连接,不要连接SSMS数据库引擎了)->然后运行下面的sql



RESTORE DATABASE master FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak'



--还原db,

CREATE DATABASE db

ON PRIMARY

(

    NAME=db_data,

    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf'

)

LOG ON

(

    NAME=db_log,

    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf'

)

FOR ATTACH



DROP DATABASE db

View Code

CREATE DATABASE db 

GO



--Create test table on database named db

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T (ID INT PRIMARY KEY);

GO



--Create full backup to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak'

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO



--Begin a marked transaction "Tran1"

BEGIN TRAN Tran1 WITH MARK



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1



COMMIT TRAN Tran1



--Backup the transaction log to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak'

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH FORMAT

GO



DROP DATABASE db;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPBEFOREMARK='Tran1';

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T





DROP DATABASE db;

GO



RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;

GO



RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPATMARK='Tran1';

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T



DROP DATABASE db

使用同一个媒体簇来保存不同数据库的备份

/*

Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 

Location:BeiJing

DateTime:GETDATE()

Description:使用同一个媒体簇来保存不同数据库的备份

*/

CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db1;

GO



CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));



INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES



CREATE TABLE db1.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));



INSERT INTO db1.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES



--备份db,先清空媒体标头等其他媒体信息

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;



--备份数据库db1,使用NOFORMAT,保存现在备份1.bak的媒体信息.

BACKUP DATABASE db1 TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NOFORMAT;



--指定FILE=1还原,因为db先备份

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=1;





--指定FILE=2还原,因为db1后备份

RESTORE DATABASE db1 FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=2;



--测试

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

UNION ALL

SELECT * FROM db1.dbo.T

GO



--删除实例数据库

DROP DATABASE db,db1

GO

快照备份还原

/*

Description:快照备份还原

*/



IF DB_ID('db_snapshot') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db_snapshot

GO



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db

GO



CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



SELECT 1 col INTO db.dbo.T







CREATE DATABASE db_snapshot ON

(

    NAME='db',--原数据库文件名

    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'

)

AS SNAPSHOT OF db



--Backup From Snapshot

--GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT = 'db_snapshot' WITH REPLACE,RECOVERY

GO



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T



DROP DATABASE db_snapshot,db

2008 压缩备份

/*

Description:2008 压缩备份

*/

--查询数据库配置

SELECT * FROM sys.configurations order by name 



--设置

EXEC sp_configure 'backup compression default',1

RECONFIGURE

GO



IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL

    DROP DATABASE db;

GO



CREATE DATABASE db;

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NO_COMPRESSION

GO



BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH COMPRESSION

GO



--比较下大小1.bak,2.bak  分别是:1,491kb 148kb

DROP DATABASE db;