DNS服务器搭建
注意正式运行的dns服务器主dns设置 中没有启用转发器，所以部分网页如taobao解析时可能很慢。开启转发器即可转发器地址指向电信dns。
[root@master ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5.11 (Final)
Release: 5.11
Codename: Final
yum install –y bind bind-chroot bind-utils caching-nameserver
cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf #加-p 保持属组不变
cp -p named.rfc1912.zones named.rfc1912.zones.bak 备份反向解析文件
[root@master etc]# vim named.conf
//
// named.caching-nameserver.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the
// ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver
// (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor
// to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on
// caching-nameserver package upgrade.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// Those options should be used carefully because they disable port
// randomization
// query-source port 53;
// query-source-v6 port 53;
allow-query { any; };
allow-query-cache { any; };
forwarders{ 219.149.6.99; 219.148.204.66; }; #转发器配置：当你设置了转发器后，所有非本域的和在缓存中无法找到的域名查询都将转发到设置的 DNS 转发器上，由这台 DNS 来完成解析工作并做缓存。
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
view localhost_resolver {
match-clients { any; };
match-destinations { any; };
recursion yes;
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};
"named.conf" 41L, 1200C written
# vim named.rfc1912.zones
### 配置内容如下：
[root@master etc]# cat named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "ddit.com" IN {
type master;
file "ddit.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "ddit.com.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
区域文件配置：
[root@master etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@master named]# ls
data localdomain.zone localhost.zone named.broadcast named.ca named.ip6.local named.local named.zero slaves
[root@master named]# cp -p localhost.zone ddit.com.zone 拷贝正向解析文件
[root@master named]# cp -p named.local ddit.com.local 拷贝反向解析文件
正向解析配置
[root@master named]# vim ddit.com.zone
IN NS @
IN A 127.0.0.1
IN AAAA ::1
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA @ root (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS dns.ddit.com.
IN MX 10 mail.ddit.com.
360 IN A 192.168.0.252
oa IN A 192.168.0.100
www IN CNAME 360.ddit.com.
反向解析配置
[root@master named]# cat ddit.com.local
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS dns.ddit.com.
252 IN PTR 360.ddit.com.
100 IN PTR oa.ddit.com.
测试
应该新增DNS服务地址，及自己dns服务器
[root@master named]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search dnsserver
nameserver 192.168.0.1
nameserver 219.149.6.99
nameserver 219.148.204.66
> [root@master named]# nslookup
> server 127.0.0.1
Default server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
> 360.ddit.com
Server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
Name: 360.ddit.com
Address: 192.168.0.252
> oa.ddit.com
Server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
Name: oa.ddit.com
Address: 192.168.0.100
> 192.168.0.252
Server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
252.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = 360.ddit.com.
> 192.168.0.100
Server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
100.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = oa.ddit.com.
rndc工具使用
使用rndc可以在不停止DNS服务器工作的情况下进行数据的更新，使配置生效。953提供给rndc工具用来管理DNS服务器。
# rndc-confgen > /etc/rndc.conf //生产配置文件
### 配置内容如下：
# Start of rndc.conf
key "rndckey" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
};
options {
default-key "rndckey";
default-server 127.0.0.1;
default-port 953;
};
# End of rndc.conf
# Use with the following in named.conf, adjusting the allow list as needed:
# key "rndckey" {
# algorithm hmac-md5;
# secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
# };
#
# controls {
# inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
# allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };
# };
# End of named.conf
### 结束 ###
# vim /etc/named.conf //拷贝有 # 号注释的内容到named.conf末尾
### 添加内容如下：
### rndc.conf 2011-08-26 ###
key "rndckey" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
};
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };
};
### configure end ###
### 结束 ###
# service named restart
# rndc reload //修改完.zone文件，使用rndc工具加载即可，可以查考第四部分进行测试
辅助DNS
备注：安装内容同主DNS安装
# scp -p 22 [email protected]:/var/named/chroot/etc/* ./ //拷贝主DNS服务器配置文件到辅助DNS上
# chown root.named /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf //修改其权限
备注：以上操作在辅助DNS上操作
（1）修改主DNS服务器配置文件
# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
### 配置内容如下：
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "laowafang.com" IN {
type master;
file "laowafang.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer{ 192.168.0.2; }; //注意{空格192.168.0.2;空格}分号
also-notify{ 192.168.0.2; };
};
zone "113.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "laowafang.com.local";
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer{ 192.168.0.2; };
also-notify{ 192.168.0.2; };
};
### 结束 ###
（2）修改辅助DNS服务器配置文件
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "ddit.com" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/ddit.com.zone";
masters { 192.168.0.1; };
};
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/ddit.com.local";
masters { 192.168.0.1; };
};
[root@slave ~]#
# ln -s /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf /etc/ //创建软连接
# ll /etc/name* //查看连接是否创建成功
# service named restart
# tail /var/log/messages //查看日志存在 running 及成功启动
# ls /var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/ //查看是否同步了区域文件
最后都测试dns好用后，做启动项加载 chkconfig named on
防火墙的设定;（一般都关了防火墙）
[root@master ~]# netstat -antup |grep named
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17831/named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17831/named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17831/named #这个是rndc
tcp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* LISTEN 17831/named
udp 0 0 192.168.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 17831/named
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 17831/named
udp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* 17831/named
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 953 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
[root@master ~]# service iptables restart
Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ]
Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns [ OK ]
注意事项：只有主DNS服务器中Serial number大于辅助DNS服务器中Serial number号的时候才开始传送同步