SpringMVC 开发
一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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< servlet >
< servlet-name >springmvc < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet < init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation < param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml < servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >springmvc < url-pattern >/ |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
< context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC" />
< mvc:default-servlet-handler />
< mvc:annotation-driven />
< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id = "internalResourceViewResolver" >
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
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4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/mvc" )
public class mvcController {
@RequestMapping ( "/hello" )
public String hello(){
return "hello" ;
}
}
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7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person" )
public String toPerson(String name, double age){
System.out.println(name+ " " +age);
return "hello" ;
}
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五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
private String name;
private int age;
}
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2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person1" )
public String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+ " " +p.getAge());
return "hello" ;
}
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六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping ( "/date" )
public String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return "hello" ;
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class , new CustomDateEditor( new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" ),
true ));
}
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七、向前台传递参数
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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping ( "/show" )
public String showPerson(Map
Person p = new Person();
map.put( "p" , p);
p.setAge( 20 );
p.setName( "jayjay" );
return "show" ;
}
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前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" )
public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write( "hello," +name);
}
@RequestMapping ( "/name" )
public String sayHello(){
return "name" ;
}
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前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$( function (){
$( "#btn" ).click( function (){
$.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
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九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping ( "/redirect" )
public String redirect(){
return "redirect:hello" ;
}
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十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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< bean id = "multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >
< property name = "maxUploadSize" value = "102400000" > |
3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile( "file" );
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyyMMddHHmmss" );
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/" )+
"upload/" +sdf.format( new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( '.' )));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return "hello" ;
}
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4.前台form表单
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< form action = "mvc/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" >
< input type = "file" name = "file" >< br >
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
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十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/test" )
public class mvcController1 {
@RequestMapping (value= "/param" )
public String testRequestParam( @RequestParam (value= "id" ) Integer id,
@RequestParam (value= "name" )String name){
System.out.println(id+ " " +name);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
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十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/rest" )
public class RestController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String get( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "get" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "post" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "put" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "delete" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
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2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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< filter >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter < filter-mapping >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter < url-pattern >/* |
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "PUT" >
< input type = "submit" value = "put" >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "submit" value = "post" >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "get" >
< input type = "submit" value = "get" >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "DELETE" >
< input type = "submit" value = "delete" >
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十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/json" )
public class jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId( 1 );
u.setName( "jayjay" );
u.setBirth( new Date());
return u;
}
}
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十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
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@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testExceptionHandler" );
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping ( "/error" )
public String error(){
int i = 5 / 0 ;
return "hello" ;
}
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2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
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@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testControllerAdvice" );
return mv;
}
}
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3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
< property name = "exceptionMappings" >
< props >
< prop key = "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error |
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println( "afterCompletion" );
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "postHandle" );
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "preHandle" );
return true ;
}
}
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2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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< mvc:interceptors >
< mvc:interceptor >
< mvc:mapping path = "/mvc/**" />
< bean class = "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" > |
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
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ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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< form:form action = "form/add" method = "post" modelAttribute = "user" >
id:< form:input path = "id" />< form:errors path = "id" />< br >
name:< form:input path = "name" />< form:errors path = "name" />< br >
birth:< form:input path = "birth" />< form:errors path = "birth" />
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
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ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/form" )
public class formController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add( @Valid User u,BindingResult br){
if (br.getErrorCount()> 0 ){
return "addUser" ;
}
return "showUser" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map
map.put( "user" , new User());
return "addUser" ;
}
}
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ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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< bean id = "messageSource" class = "org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" >
< property name = "basename" value = "locale" > |
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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< body >
< fmt:message key = "username" > < fmt:message key = "password" > |
在SpringMVC中配置
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< mvc:view-controller path = "/locale" view-name = "locale" />
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让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
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3.UserService类
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@Component
public class UserService {
public UserService(){
System.out.println( "UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n" );
}
public void save(){
System.out.println( "save" );
}
}
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4.UserController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/integrate" )
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public String saveUser( @RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return "hello" ;
}
}
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5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
xmlns:util = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
< context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:exclude-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:exclude-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
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在Web.xml中添加配置
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< listener >
< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener < context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation < param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml |
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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< context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
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十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
转载自：http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html