sqlserver常用的sql命令

查看当前用户查看当前用户

select system_user

检查SQL Agent是否开启

IF EXISTS (
SELECT TOP 1 1
FROM sys.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name = 'SQLAgent - Generic Refresher'
)
SELECT 'Running'
ELSE
SELECT 'Not Running'

查看是否做了镜像

select
    a.database_id
    ,a.name 数据库名称
    ,case when b.mirroring_guid is null then '否' else '是' end 是否镜像
    ,b.mirroring_partner_name 镜像服务器名称
from 
[sys].[databases] a
left join [sys].[database_mirroring] b on a.database_id=b.database_id

分离数据库

USE master;
EXEC sp_detach_db @dbname = 'test';#test指需要分离的数据库

附加数据库

SELECT type_desc, name, physical_name from sys.database_files;#查看物理数据库文件的位置
#使用带 FOR ATTACH 子句的 CREATE DATABASE 语句附加之前分离的test数据库
CREATE DATABASE test   
    ON (FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\test.mdf'),   
    (FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\test_log.ldf')   
    FOR ATTACH;

查看主从复制关系

SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs；
SELECT 
    serverproperty('servername') AS ServerName,
    CASE 
        WHEN serverproperty('servername') = '主服务器名称' THEN '主服务器'
        ELSE '从服务器'
    END AS ServerRole
#也可以通过以下语句来查询
    SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'MSreplication_options'

查看实例级别的信息

select SERVERPROPERTY ('test')

查看实例级别的某个参数allow updates的配置

select * from sys.configurations where name='allow updates'

查询当前数据库的所有架构范围的对象

select * from sys.all_objects

查询当前数据库的所有对象

select * from sys.sysobjects

在当前数据库下可以查询到所有数据库信息，包含是否on状态

select * from sys.databases

查询所有数据库信息

select * from sys.sysdatabases

查询当前数据库下所有正在SQL Server 实例上运行的进程的相关信息

select * from sys.sysprocesses

监控日志空间

DBCC SQLPERF (LOGSPACE)

查看数据库各种设置

select name,State,user_access,is_read_only,recovery_model from sys.databases

查询当前数据库是否有会话

select DB_NAME(dbid),* from sys.sysprocesses where dbid=db_id('test')

查询当前阻塞的所有请求

SELECT session_Id,spid,ecid,DB_NAME (sp.dbid),nt_username,er.status,wait_type,
[Individual Query] =SUBSTRING (qt.text,er.statement_start_offset / 2,
( CASE
WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1
THEN
LEN (CONVERT (NVARCHAR (MAX), qt.text)) * 2
ELSE
er.statement_end_offset
END
- er.statement_start_offset)
/ 2),
qt.text,program_name,Hostname,nt_domain,start_time
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests er
INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (er.sql_handle) AS qt
WHERE session_Id > 50 /* Ignore system spids.*/
AND sp.blocked>0 AND session_Id NOT IN (@@SPID)

查看活动线程执行的sql语句,并生成批量杀掉的语句

select 'KILL '+CAST(a.spid AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS KillCmd,REPLACE(hostname,' ','') as hostname ,replace(program_name,' ','') as program_name
,REPLACE(loginame, ' ', '') AS loginame, db_name(a.dbid) AS DBname,spid,blocked,waittime/1000 as waittime
,a.status,Replace(b.text,'''','''') as sqlmessage,cpu
from sys.sysprocesses as a with(nolock)
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as b
where a.status<>'sleeping' AND a.spid<>@@SPID

查看数据库的最近备份信息

SELECT database_name,type,MAX(backup_finish_date) AS backup_finish_date FROM msdb.dbo.backupset GROUP BY database_name,type ORDER BY database_name,type

备注：D 表示全备份，i 表示差异备份，L 表示日志备份

查看备份进度

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS Exec_DB
,percent_complete
,CASE WHEN estimated_completion_time < 36000000
THEN '0' ELSE '' END + RTRIM(estimated_completion_time/1000/3600)
+ ':' + RIGHT('0' + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%3600/60), 2)
+ ':' + RIGHT('0' + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%60), 2) AS [Time Remaining]
,b.text as tsql
,*
FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_REQUESTS
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as b
WHERE command LIKE 'Backup%' --and database_id=db_id('cardorder')
--OR command LIKE 'RESTORE%'
ORDER BY 2 DESC

查询always on状态是否正常

select dc.database_name, d.synchronization_health_desc, d.synchronization_state_desc, d.database_state_desc from sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states d join sys.availability_databases_cluster dc on d.group_database_id=dc.group_database_id and d.is_local=1

查看mirror镜像信息

SELECT
db_name(database_id),
mirroring_state_desc,
mirroring_role_desc,
mirroring_partner_name,
mirroring_partner_instance
FROM sys.database_mirroring

查看每个数据库实例的数据量大小

SELECT
DB_NAME(db.database_id) DatabaseName,
(CAST(mfrows.RowSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 RowSizeMB,
(CAST(mflog.LogSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 LogSizeMB,
(CAST(mfstream.StreamSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 StreamSizeMB,
(CAST(mftext.TextIndexSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 TextIndexSizeMB
FROM sys.databases db
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) RowSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 0 GROUP BY database_id, type) mfrows ON mfrows.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) LogSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 1 GROUP BY database_id, type) mflog ON mflog.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) StreamSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 2 GROUP BY database_id, type) mfstream ON mfstream.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) TextIndexSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 4 GROUP BY database_id, type) mftext ON mftext.database_id = db.database_id

查询总耗CPU最多的前3个SQL，且最近5天出现过

SELECT TOP 3
total_worker_time/1000 AS [总消耗CPU 时间(ms)],execution_count [运行次数],
qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000 AS [平均消耗CPU 时间(ms)],
last_execution_time AS [最后一次执行时间],max_worker_time /1000 AS [最大执行时间(ms)],
SUBSTRING(qt.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2+1,
(CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1
THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END -qs.statement_start_offset)/2 + 1)
AS [使用CPU的语法], qt.text [完整语法],
qt.dbid, dbname=db_name(qt.dbid),
qt.objectid,object_name(qt.objectid,qt.dbid) ObjectName
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs WITH(nolock)
CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt
WHERE execution_count>1 and last_execution_time>dateadd(dd,-5,getdate())
ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC

查看当前最耗资源的10个SQL及其spid

SELECT TOP 10
session_id,request_id,start_time AS '开始时间',status AS '状态',
command AS '命令',d_sql.text AS 'sql语句', DB_NAME(database_id) AS '数据库名',
blocking_session_id AS '正在阻塞其他会话的会话ID',
wait_type AS '等待资源类型',wait_time AS '等待时间',wait_resource AS '等待的资源',
reads AS '物理读次数',writes AS '写次数',logical_reads AS '逻辑读次数',
row_count AS '返回结果行数'
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests AS d_request
CROSS APPLY
sys.dm_exec_sql_text(d_request.sql_handle) AS d_sql
WHERE session_id>50
ORDER BY cpu_time DESC
--前50号session_id一般是系统后台进程，sys.dm_exec_requests的status显示为background
always on

查看集群各节点的信息，包含节点成员的名称，类型，状态，拥有的投票仲裁数

SELECT * FROM  sys.dm_hadr_cluster_members;

查看集群各节点的信息，包含节点成员的名称，节点成员上的sql实例名称

select * from sys.dm_hadr_instance_node_map

查看WSFC(windows server故障转移群集)的信息，包含集群名称，仲裁类型，仲裁状态

SELECT * FROM SYS.dm_hadr_cluster;

查看AG名称

select * from sys.dm_hadr_name_id_map

查看集群各节点的子网信息，包含节点成员的名称，子网段，子网掩码

SELECT * FROM  sys.dm_hadr_cluster_networks;

查看侦听ip

select * from sys.availability_group_listeners;

查看主从各节点的状态

复制
select d.is_local,dc.database_name, d.synchronization_health_desc, 
d.synchronization_state_desc, d.database_state_desc 
from sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states d 
join sys.availability_databases_cluster dc 
on d.group_database_id=dc.group_database_id;

查看辅助副本(传说中的从库)延迟多少M日志量

select db_name(database_id),log_send_queue_size/1024 delay_M,* 
from sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states where is_primary_replica=0;

查看DDL操作的记录

select * from Sys.traces