selenium webdriver(4)---模拟鼠标键盘操作

webdriver提供Actions来模拟鼠标悬浮、拖拽和键盘输入等操作，详细代码见org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions.本文通过几个实例来说明Actions的相关操作

 输入数据

需求:登录安居客网站，在二手房板块输入"@@@",点击搜索，正确跳转成功反之失败，大部分情况下我们这样写

 1 //搜索二手房

 2 

 3 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 5 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 6 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 7 

 8 public class NewTest{

 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

10  

11        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 

12        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );

13        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

14        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");

15        try{

16            

17           WebElement input=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='glb_search0']"));

18           WebElement search=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnSubmit']"));

19           input.sendKeys("@@@");

20           search.click();

21           if(driver.getTitle().contains("@"))

22               System.out.println("搜索成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

23           else

24               System.out.println("搜索失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

25            

26        }catch(Exception e){

27            e.printStackTrace();

28        }finally{

29            Thread.sleep(3000);

30            driver.quit(); 

31        }

32 }

 

使用Actions类还可以这样写

 1 import java.util.List;

 2 import java.util.Set;

 3 

 4 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 5 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

 6 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 7 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 8 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

10 

11 public class NewTest{

12     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

13  

14        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 

15        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );

16        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

17        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");

18        try{

19            

20           WebElement input=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='glb_search0']"));

21           WebElement search=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnSubmit']"));

22           

23           //生成Actions实例对象

24           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

25           //输入@@@点击搜索

26           actions.keyDown(input, Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("222")

27           .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).click(search).perform();

28           

29           if(driver.getTitle().contains("@"))

30               System.out.println("搜索成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

31           else

32               System.out.println("搜索失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

33            

34        }catch(Exception e){

35            e.printStackTrace();

36        }finally{

37            Thread.sleep(3000);

38            driver.quit(); 

39        }

40 }

 

keyDown表示按下键盘，keyUp表示松开键盘。上述代码中先是执行keyDown，这时shift键按下后面的sendKeys内容也是在shift键按下的情况输入的，所以实际输入的是@@@.

 鼠标悬浮

需求:登录安居客首页，切换城市到杭州

 1 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 2 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

 3 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 4 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 5 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 6 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 7 

 8 public class NewTest{

 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

10  

11        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 

12        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );

13        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

14        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");

15        try{

16            

17           WebElement city=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='switch_apf_id_8']"));

18           WebElement citys=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='city-panel']"));

19           WebElement cityOption=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@title='杭州房产网']"));

20           //生成Actions实例对象

21           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

22           

23           //鼠标悬浮到城市标签

24           actions.moveToElement(city).perform();

25           

26           if(citys.isDisplayed())

27               System.out.println("鼠标悬浮成功，城市模块的display:"+

28                       citys.getCssValue("display"));

29           else

30               System.out.println("鼠标悬浮失败，城市模块的display:"+

31                       citys.getCssValue("display"));

32           //点击杭州

33           actions.click(cityOption).perform();

34           

35           if(driver.getTitle().contains("杭州"))

36               System.out.println("切换成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

37           else

38               System.out.println("切换失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

39            

40        }catch(Exception e){

41            e.printStackTrace();

42        }finally{

43            Thread.sleep(3000);

44            driver.quit(); 

45        }

46 }

 

 多选框

由于安居客网站没有这方面的例子，下面就采用YUI类库的DEMO界面来演示

 1 import java.util.List;

 2 import java.util.Set;

 3 

 4 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 5 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

 6 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 7 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 8 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

10 

11 public class NewTest{

12     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

13  

14        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 

15        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );

16        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

17        driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/selectable/");

18        try{

19           WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='demo-frame']"));

20           driver.switchTo().frame(frame);

21           List<WebElement> selects=driver

22                   .findElements(By.xpath("//li[@class='ui-widget-content ui-selectee']"));

23           //生成Actions实例对象

24           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

25           actions.clickAndHold(selects.get(0)).clickAndHold(selects.get(1)).click().perform();

26            

27        }catch(Exception e){

28            e.printStackTrace();

29        }finally{

30            Thread.sleep(3000);

31            driver.quit(); 

32        }

33 }

 

clickAndHold是点击并维持着点击的状态，上面代码效果如下图

 拖拽框体

响应式网站和OA系统这方面的需求较多，下面演示如何将拖拽对象拖拽到右下角

 1 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 2 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

 3 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 4 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 5 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 6 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 7 

 8 public class NewTest{

 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

10  

11        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 

12        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );

13        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

14        driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/draggable/");

15        try{

16           WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='demo-frame']"));

17           driver.switchTo().frame(frame);

18           WebElement dragTable=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='draggable']"));

19           //生成Actions实例对象

20           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

21           //拖拽对象

22           actions.dragAndDropBy(dragTable, 270, 170).perform();

23            

24        }catch(Exception e){

25            e.printStackTrace();

26        }finally{

27            Thread.sleep(3000);

28            driver.quit(); 

29        }

30 }

 

其实dragAndDropBy方法就是clickAndHold和moveByOffset方法的组合而已

　　actions.dragAndDropBy(dragTable, 270, 170).perform();

　　actions.clickAndHold(dragTable).moveByOffset(270, 170).click().perform();

 

这两行代码功能是一样的,正所谓条条大路通罗马，我们只需选择最近、最安全的一条就好了。