[Python] pip 简明指南

安装

　　1. 使用 apt 安装：

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

 

　　截止本文落笔，apt 安装 pip 版本为 1.0，但 pip 最新发行版本为 1.5.6

$ pip --version

pip 1.0 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

 

　　pip 1.0 特性：

$ pip -h

Usage: pip COMMAND [OPTIONS]



Options:

  --version             show program's version number and exit

  -h, --help            Show help

  -E DIR, --environment=DIR

                        virtualenv environment to run pip in (either give the

                        interpreter or the environment base directory)

  -s, --enable-site-packages

                        Include site-packages in virtualenv if one is to be

                        created. Ignored if --environment is not used or the

                        virtualenv already exists.

  -v, --verbose         Give more output

  -q, --quiet           Give less output

  --log=FILENAME        Log file where a complete (maximum verbosity) record

                        will be kept

  --proxy=PROXY         Specify a proxy in the form

                        user:passwd@proxy.server:port. Note that the

                        user:password@ is optional and required only if you

                        are behind an authenticated proxy.  If you provide

                        [email protected]:port then you will be prompted for a

                        password.

  --timeout=SECONDS, --default-timeout=SECONDS

                        Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds)



Commands available:

  bundle: Create pybundles (archives containing multiple packages)

  freeze: Output all currently installed packages (exact versions) to stdout

  help: Show available commands

  install: Install packages

  search: Search PyPI

  uninstall: Uninstall packages

  unzip: Unzip individual packages

  zip: Zip individual packages

View Code

 

　　2. 使用 get-pip.py 安装：

$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

...



$ sudo python get-pip.py

...

 

　　3. 升级

# On Linux or OS X

$ sudo pip install -U pip



# On Windows

$ python -m pip install -U pip

 

使用

　　1. 安装 package：

$ pip install SomePackage             # latest version

$ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4      # specific version

$ pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4'    # minimum version

 

　　1.1. 升级已安装包：

$ sudo pip install -U chardet

 

　　2. 卸载 package：

$ sudo pip uninstall bottle

 

　　3. 搜索 package：

$ pip search bottle

 

　　4. 列出已安装 package：

$ pip list

 

　　4.1. 列出过期 package：

$ pip list --outdated

 

　　5. 显示已安装包详细信息

$ pip show gevent

---

Name: gevent

Version: 1.0.1

Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

Requires: greenlet

 

问题

　　1. 出现以下错误提示很可能是由于 SSL 未通过验证：

Cannot fetch index base URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/

　　解决方法：检查系统时间是否正确，调整系统时间参考《设置系统时区》。