Linux系统下,CentOS和Ubuntu的镜像源修改教程因版本不同而有所差异。以下是针对CentOS 7至9以及Ubuntu 16.04至22.04的国内外镜像源修改教程:
备份原有的YUM源文件:
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
选择并下载国内镜像源:
阿里云源:
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
网易源:
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
清理原有缓存并生成新缓存:
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache
更新系统:
sudo yum update -y
备份原有的YUM源文件:
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
选择并下载国内镜像源:
阿里云源:
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
清理原有缓存并生成新缓存:
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache
更新系统:
sudo yum update -y
备份原有的YUM配置文件:
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base-backup.repo
选择并添加国内镜像源:
阿里云源:
打开编辑器(如vi或nano):
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
在文件末尾追加阿里云的CentOS镜像源配置:
[aliyun]
name=阿里云CentOS mirror
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/CentOS-$releasever/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
注意:$releasever需要替换为你的CentOS 9版本(例如"stream")。
清理原有缓存并生成新缓存:
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache fast
更新系统:
sudo yum update -y
备份源文件:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
修改源文件:
使用文本编辑器(如gedit、vi、nano等)打开/etc/apt/sources.list
文件,将原有的所有源注释掉,并添加国内源。例如,添加阿里云源:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
更新源文件:
sudo apt update
备份源文件:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
修改源文件:
使用文本编辑器打开/etc/apt/sources.list
文件,将原有的所有源注释掉,并添加国内源。例如,添加阿里云源:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
更新源文件:
sudo apt update
对于Ubuntu 20.04和22.04,修改源文件的步骤与18.04类似。只需将源文件中的版本号(如bionic
)替换为对应版本的代号(如focal
对应20.04,jammy
对应22.04),并添加相应的国内源地址即可。
以下是Ubuntu 20.04和22.04国内镜像源修改的详细教程:
备份原有的镜像源文件
打开终端(Ctrl+Alt+T),输入以下命令备份原有的Ubuntu 20.04镜像源文件:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
编辑镜像源文件
使用文本编辑器(如nano或vim)打开/etc/apt/sources.list
文件,并将原有的镜像源地址替换为国内镜像源地址。例如,使用nano编辑器:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
将文件中的内容替换为以下格式(以清华大学镜像源为例):
# 默认注释掉的源,如果需要启用,请取消注释并将下面的清华大学源地址替换为官方源地址
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
# 替换为清华大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
保存并退出编辑器。
更新软件包索引
输入以下命令更新软件包索引,以确保系统能够识别新的镜像源:
sudo apt update
验证新配置的镜像源
可以通过尝试安装一个软件包来验证新配置的镜像源是否生效。例如,安装curl:
sudo apt install curl
如果安装过程顺利且速度较快,说明新配置的镜像源已经生效。
安装software-properties-common
打开终端,输入以下命令安装software-properties-common
:
sudo apt update && sudo apt install software-properties-common
添加国内镜像源
以添加清华大学源为例,输入以下命令:
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb-src [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse"
如果需要添加阿里云源,可以使用以下命令(注意替换为正确的仓库地址):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chenyunkun/aliyun-ubuntu-repo
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E56151AF
# 然后编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件,将原有的源替换为阿里云源
或者直接编辑/etc/apt/sources.list
文件,将原有的源替换为阿里云源,例如:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
更新软件包索引
输入以下命令更新软件包索引:
sudo apt update
验证新配置的镜像源
同样可以通过尝试安装一个软件包来验证新配置的镜像源是否生效。
通过以上步骤,您可以成功在Ubuntu 20.04和22.04中配置国内镜像源,从而提升软件包下载速度。
通过以上步骤,您可以成功修改CentOS 7至9以及Ubuntu 16.04至22.04的国内外镜像源。
原文链接:Linux国内镜像源详细修改教程 - Java程序员_编程开发学习笔记_网站安全运维教程_渗透技术教程