sql地址寻路算法(省市区路)

最近无意翻开4年前做过的一个功能，就是搜集全国各城市各个区（县）的路（XX路、XX道、XX街、XX镇、XX乡、XX屯、XX村、XX社）。众所周知，我们都可以在网上找到省、市、区（县）这三级联动的数据，可是就并没有关于某个城市的某些区（县）下所对应的路（以下所有的路，道，街，镇，乡，屯，村，社统称为路）的数据，不过我们可以找到一些有地址的网站，例如大众点评网，里面就有很多一些饮食店等的具体地址。可以写个爬虫程序，把所有的详细地址先写进数据库的某个表中，然后再执行算法，把地址中有包含路、道、街、镇、乡、屯、村、社等属于第四级的数据写进对应的数据表（当然必须把第四级的数据对应到第三级区（县））。

1、首先需要建五张表（一个用来存放地址的表Address，一个用来存放全国的所有的省Province，一个用来存放属于省的城市City，一个用来存放属于城市的区(县)District，一个用来存放属于区的路Road）。下面是数据表关系图：

所有的表中的FID是外键表的ID，其中省Province的FID暂时没用到可忽略，其中flag是一个标志，如0表示新加，1表示修改，2表示删除等，shid和shengId是对应到其它表的，如某个城市的邮政编码，主要是用来搜集它们的一些对应的数据而已，这里可不考虑。下面是数据库查询的数据展示图：

2.其次是写一个根据输入的地址，返回省市区路四级联动的数据，然后把第四级路写进Road这个表并且把它的外键FID对应到第三级District区的主键ID

这里使用存储过程来处理，好了，那么问题就来了，执行的地址有好几种情况，在插入路这个数据之前需要对地址进行查找，有五种查找方式：

需要注意城市是否为直辖市（目前直辖市有四个：重庆市,北京市,天津市,上海市）

1）查找方式——省市区路，这个是最理想的，因为地址中已有前面三级的数据，首先找到省，然后找市，再找区，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

2）查找方式——省区路，这里只有省和区，首先找出省，然后找区，再根据区找到其所对应的城市，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

3）查找方式——省市路，这里只有省和市，于上面两种方式来说是比较复杂，首先找出省，然后找市，再根据路来找出对应的区，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市路

如果存在，则可找出区，返回省市区路。不存在时只能手工更正。

4）查找方式——市区路，这里只有市和区，首先找出市，然后根据市再找省，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

5）查找方式——市路，这里只有市，于上面四种方式是最复杂的，首先找出市，如果不是直辖市就找省，然后根据路来找区，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市路

如果存在，则可找出区，返回省市区路。不存在时只能手工更正。

 

以上是返回省市区路的五种查找方式，下面是存储过程：

GetAddress是查找方式的存储过程，返回省市区路，代码：

 1 ALTER pROCEDURE [dbo].[GetAddress]
 2 @address varchar(100),
 3  @NProvinceName varchar(30) OUTPUT,
 4  @NCityName     varchar(30) OUTPUT,
 5  @NDistrictName varchar(30) OUTPUT,
 6  @NRoadName     varchar(50) OUTPUT,
 7  @remain        varchar(50) OUTPUT,
 8  @PostCode      varchar(7) OUTPUT,
 9  @Road          varchar(100) output,    --新增，要插入road的路名 
10  @method        int        output,
11  @number        int         output,
12  @insert        bit   =1           --新增，是否插入
13 AS
14 BEGIN
15 
16 set @address=replace(@address,' ','');    --空格
17 set @address=replace(@address,'    ','');    --制表符
18 set @address=replace(@address,'０','0');    --数字
19 set @address=replace(@address,'１','1');    --数字
20 set @address=replace(@address,'２','2');    --数字
21 set @address=replace(@address,'３','3');    --数字
22 set @address=replace(@address,'４','4');    --数字
23 set @address=replace(@address,'５','5');    --数字
24 set @address=replace(@address,'６','6');    --数字
25 set @address=replace(@address,'７','7');    --数字
26 set @address=replace(@address,'８','8');    --数字
27 set @address=replace(@address,'９','9');    --数字
28 
29   set @method=1
30   set @number=0
31   
32   create table #temp(NProvinceName varchar(30),NCityName varchar(30),NDistrictName varchar(30),
33                      NRoadName varchar(50),remain  varchar(50),PostCode varchar(7) ,Road varchar(100),method int,number int)
34 
35   while @method<=5
36   begin
37     exec ResAddress @address,@NProvinceName output,@NCityName output,
38                   @NDistrictName output,@NRoadName output,@remain output,@PostCode output,@Road output,@method output,@number output
39 
40     insert into #temp values (@NProvinceName,@NCityName,@NDistrictName,@NRoadName,@remain,@PostCode,@Road,@method,@number)
41 
42     select @NProvinceName=null,@NCityName=null,@NDistrictName=null,@NRoadName=null,@remain=null,@PostCode=null,@number=0,@Road=null
43     set @method=@method+1
44   end 
45 
46 /*
47  select top 1 @NProvinceName=NProvinceName,@NCityName=NCityName,@NDistrictName=NDistrictName,
48           @NRoadName=NRoadName,@remain=remain,@PostCode=PostCode ,@method=method,@number=number,@Road=Road from #temp order by number desc
49 */
50 
51  select top 1 @NProvinceName=dbo.F_Convert(NProvinceName,0),@NCityName=dbo.F_Convert(NCityName,0),@NDistrictName=dbo.F_Convert(NDistrictName,0),
52               @NRoadName=dbo.F_Convert(NRoadName,0),@remain=dbo.F_Convert(remain,0),@PostCode=dbo.F_Convert(PostCode,0) ,
53               @method=dbo.F_Convert(method,0),@number=dbo.F_Convert(number,0),@Road=dbo.F_Convert(Road,0) from #temp order by number desc
54  
55  if (@Road is not null) and (@insert=1)
56     begin
57       if not exists (select * from road where fid=left(@road,36) and title=RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36) and text=RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36))
58       insert into Road(fid,title,flag,text) values(left(@road,36),RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36),2,RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36))
59     end
60   drop table #temp
61 END

View Code

 

ResAddress是查找方式中需要调用的存储过程，其中有number这个返回一个数字，数字越大表示查找的难度就越大，代码：

  1 ALTER pROCEDURE [dbo].[ResAddress]
  2 
  3 @address varchar(100),
  4  @NProvinceName varchar(30) OUTPUT,
  5  @NCityName     varchar(30) OUTPUT,
  6  @NDistrictName varchar(30) OUTPUT,
  7  @NRoadName     varchar(50) OUTPUT,
  8  @remain        varchar(50) OUTPUT,
  9  @PostCode      varchar(7) OUTPUT,
 10  @Road          varchar(100) output,    --新增，要插入road的路名 
 11  @method        int        output,
 12  @number        int        output
 13 
 14 AS
 15 BEGIN
 16 
 17 DECLARE @id            varchar(36)
 18 declare @fid           varchar(36)
 19 declare @text          varchar(30)
 20 
 21 
 22 declare @NAddress      varchar(200)
 23 set @NAddress=@address
 24 
 25 
 26 if @method=1    --查找方式 省市区路
 27 begin
 28 select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'  order by len(text) desc  
 29   if (@NProvinceName is not null) 
 30   begin
 31       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1
 32       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null
 33       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
 34   end 
 35 
 36 
 37 select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid ,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'  and city.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
 38     if (@NCityName is not null) 
 39     begin
 40        set @number=@number+1
 41        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null
 42        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
 43     end
 44 
 45 select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' and district.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
 46     if (@NDistrictName is not null)
 47     begin
 48        set @number=@number+1
 49         select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null
 50        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
 51     end
 52 
 53 select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' and road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
 54     if (@NRoadName is not null) 
 55     begin
 56        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
 57        set @number=@number+1
 58     end
 59 
 60 if @text is not null
 61 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)
 62 else 
 63 set @remain=@Address
 64 
 65 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null) 
 66     goto GetRoad 
 67 else 
 68     goto finished  
 69 end
 70 
 71 if @method=2                    --查找方式 省区路
 72 begin
 73   select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc  
 74   if (@NProvinceName is not null) 
 75   begin
 76       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1
 77       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null --找省的标准ID
 78       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'') 
 79   end 
 80 
 81 
 82   select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
 83   and  district.fid in (select id from city where city.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc
 84     if (@NDistrictName is not null) 
 85     begin
 86        select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null   --找区的标准ID
 87        set @number=@number+1
 88        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
 89     end
 90    
 91   SELECT @NCityName=title FROM City where id=@fid     --返回查找市名
 92   if  (@NCityName is not null) 
 93   set @number=@number+1
 94 
 95   
 96   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
 97   and Road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
 98     if (@NRoadName is not null)
 99     begin
100        set @number=@number+1
101        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'') 
102     end
103 
104 if @text is not null
105 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)
106 else 
107 set @remain=@Address
108 
109 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null) 
110     goto GetRoad 
111 else 
112     goto finished  
113 end
114 
115 if @method=3 --查找方式 省市路
116 begin
117   select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc  
118   if (@NProvinceName is not null) 
119   begin
120       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1
121       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null --找省的标准ID
122       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'') 
123   end 
124 
125  if @NProvinceName in ('重庆市','北京市','天津市','上海市')    --新增这个判断 2009-08-25
126  begin
127    select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from city where city.fid=@id
128    set @number=@number+1
129  end
130  else 
131  begin
132  select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
133  and city.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
134     if (@NCityName is not null) 
135     begin
136        set @number=@number+1
137        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID
138        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
139     end
140  end
141 
142   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
143   and road.fid in (select id from district where district.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc
144     if (@NRoadName is not null) 
145     begin
146        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
147        set @number=@number+1
148     end
149 
150  select @NDistrictName=title from district where id=@fid    --返回查找区名
151  if (@NDistrictName is not null) 
152     set @number=@number+1
153 
154 if @text is not null
155 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)
156 else 
157 set @remain=@Address
158 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null) 
159     goto GetRoad 
160 else 
161     goto finished  
162 end
163 
164 if @method=4    --查找方式 市区路
165 begin
166  select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid ,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc
167     if (@NCityName is not null) 
168     begin
169        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID
170        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
171        set @number=@number+1
172     end
173 
174 select @NProvinceName=title from Province where id=@fid             --返回找省名
175 if (@NProvinceName is not null) 
176 begin
177    set @number=@number+1
178 end
179 
180 select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid, @text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
181 and  district.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
182     if (@NDistrictName is not null) 
183     begin
184        set @number=@number+1
185        select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null   --找区的标准ID
186        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
187     end
188 
189 
190 select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
191 and road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc
192     if (@NRoadName is not null) 
193     begin
194        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
195        set @number=@number+1
196     end
197 
198 if @text is not null
199 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)
200 else 
201 set @remain=@Address
202 
203 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null) 
204     goto GetRoad 
205 else 
206     goto finished  
207 end 
208 
209 if @method=5  --查找方式 ：市-路
210 begin
211    select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid , @text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc
212     if (@NCityName is not null)
213     begin
214        set @number=@number+1
215        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID
216        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
217     end
218    select @NProvinceName=title from Province where id=@fid             --返回找省名
219    if (@NProvinceName is not null)
220        set @number=@number+1
221 
222   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode ,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' 
223   and road.fid in (select id from district where district.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc
224     if (@NRoadName is not null)
225     begin
226        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')
227        set @number=@number+1
228     end
229 
230   select @NDistrictName=title from district where id=@fid    --返回查找区名
231   if (@NDistrictName is not null)
232       set @number=@number+1
233 
234 if @text is not null
235 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)
236 else 
237 set @remain=@Address
238 
239 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null) 
240     goto GetRoad 
241 else 
242     goto finished  
243 end 
244 
245 
246 GetRoad:                     --新增将返回@road             
247    if charindex('路',@Address)>0
248      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('路',@Address))
249    else if  charindex('道',@Address)>0
250      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('道',@Address))
251    else if  charindex('街',@Address)>0
252      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('街',@Address)) 
253    else if  charindex('镇',@Address)>0
254      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('镇',@Address))
255    else if  charindex('乡',@Address)>0
256      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('乡',@Address))
257    else if  charindex('屯',@Address)>0
258      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('屯',@Address))
259    else if  charindex('村',@Address)>0
260      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('村',@Address))
261    else if  charindex('社',@Address)>0
262      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('社',@Address))
263 
264  set @road=@id+@road
265 finished:
266 END

View Code

execAddress是执行存储过程，根据输入的地址返回详细的地址，代码：

 1 ALTER Procedure [dbo].[execAddress]
 2 @inputaddress varchar(100)
 3 AS 
 4 DECLARE    @return_value int,
 5         @NProvinceName varchar(30),
 6         @NCityName varchar(30),
 7         @NDistrictName varchar(30),
 8         @NRoadName varchar(50),
 9         @remain varchar(50),
10         @PostCode varchar(7),
11         @Road varchar(100),
12         @method int,
13         @number int
14 
15 EXEC    @return_value = [dbo].[GetAddress]
16         @address = @inputaddress,
17         @NProvinceName = @NProvinceName OUTPUT,
18         @NCityName = @NCityName OUTPUT,
19         @NDistrictName = @NDistrictName OUTPUT,
20         @NRoadName = @NRoadName OUTPUT,
21         @remain = @remain OUTPUT,
22         @PostCode = @PostCode OUTPUT,
23         @Road = @Road OUTPUT,
24         @method = @method OUTPUT,
25         @number = @number OUTPUT

View Code

以下是测试，根据输入的地址返回省市区路的详细地址，这里就只截图：

1.输入重庆新华路41-43号，点转换，执行存储过程execAddress，把返回的地址显示在输出地址里，如下图

这里是第五种查找方式（市路）也可能是第三种查找方式（省市路）。

 

2.输入广州海珠区广州大道客村墩和，返回广东省广州市海珠区广州大道客村墩和，如下图：

这里是第四种查找方式（市区路）。

 

以上就是介绍查找地址的方法，还没用到address表，这个表是前面所说的用来搜集有详细地址的，具体需要写一个网页爬虫的程序，去爬爬有地址的网站，如大众点评网，这里就介绍这么多了，有写得不好的还望各位手下留情~