Hive静态分区表&动态分区表
静态分区表：
一级分区表：
CREATE TABLE order_created_partition ( orderNumber STRING , event_time STRING ) PARTITIONED BY (event_month string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
加载数据方式一：从本地/HDFS目录加载
load data local inpath '/home/spark/software/data/order_created.txt' overwrite into table order_created_partition PARTITION(event_month='2014-05');
select * from order_created_partition where event_month='2014-05';
+-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | ordernumber | event_time | event_month | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | 10703007267488 | 2014-05-01 06:01:12.334+01 | 2014-05 | | 10101043505096 | 2014-05-01 07:28:12.342+01 | 2014-05 | | 10103043509747 | 2014-05-01 07:50:12.33+01 | 2014-05 | | 10103043501575 | 2014-05-01 09:27:12.33+01 | 2014-05 | | 10104043514061 | 2014-05-01 09:03:12.324+01 | 2014-05 | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+
加载数据方式二：手工上传文件到hdfs上，然后将数据添加到分区表指定的分区：
1) 创建hdfs目录：在hdfs目录：/user/hive/warehouse/order_created_partition目录下创建event_month=2014-06
hadoop fs -mkdir /user/hive/warehouse/order_created_partition/event_month=2014-06
2)拷贝数据到新创建的目录下：
hadoop fs -put /home/spark/software/data/order_created.txt /user/hive/warehouse/order_created_partition/event_month=2014-06
select * from order_created_partition where event_month='2014-06'; #发现查询结果是空的
3)添加新分区数据到元数据信息中：
msck repair table order_created_partition;
输出日志信息：
Partitions not in metastore: order_created_partition:event_month=2014-06 Repair: Added partition to metastore order_created_partition:event_month=2014-06
或者： alter table order_created_partition add partition(dt='2014-06');
select * from order_created_partition where event_month='2014-06';
+-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | ordernumber | event_time | event_month | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | 10703007267488 | 2014-05-01 06:01:12.334+01 | 2014-06 | | 10101043505096 | 2014-05-01 07:28:12.342+01 | 2014-06 | | 10103043509747 | 2014-05-01 07:50:12.33+01 | 2014-06 | | 10103043501575 | 2014-05-01 09:27:12.33+01 | 2014-06 | | 10104043514061 | 2014-05-01 09:03:12.324+01 | 2014-06 | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+
加载数据方式三：select查询方式insert/overwrite
CREATE TABLE order_created_4_partition ( orderNumber STRING , event_time STRING ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
load data local inpath '/home/spark/software/data/order_created.txt' overwrite into table order_created_4_partition; insert into table order_created_partition partition(event_month='2014-07') select * from order_created_4_partition; insert overwrite table order_created_partition partition(event_month='2014-07') select * from order_created_4_partition;
对比:
insert overwrite table order_created_partition partition(event_month='2014-07') select ordernumber,event_time from order_created_4_partition; insert overwrite table order_created_partition partition(event_month='2014-07') select event_time,ordernumber from order_created_4_partition;
发现字段值错位，在使用时一定要注意：字段值顺序要与表中字段顺序一致，名称可以不一致；
查看分区表已有的所有分区：
show partitions order_created_partition;
查看分区表已有的指定分区：
SHOW PARTITIONS order_created_partition PARTITION(event_month='2014-06');
查看表字段信息：
desc order_created_partition; desc extended order_created_partition; desc formatted order_created_partition; desc formatted order_created_partition partition(event_month='2014-05');
二级分区表：
CREATE TABLE order_created_partition2 ( orderNumber STRING , event_time STRING ) PARTITIONED BY (event_month string, step string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
show partitions order_created_partition2;
显示结果空
load data local inpath '/home/spark/software/data/order_created.txt' into table order_created_partition2 partition(event_month='2014-09',step='1'); show partitions order_created_partition2;
+-----------------------------+ | result | +-----------------------------+ | event_month=2014-09/step=1 | +-----------------------------+
insert overwrite table order_created_partition2 partition(event_month='2014-09',step='2') select * from order_created_4_partition; show partitions order_created_partition2;
+-----------------------------+ | result | +-----------------------------+ | event_month=2014-09/step=1 | | event_month=2014-09/step=2 | +-----------------------------+
动态分区表
CREATE TABLE order_created_dynamic_partition ( orderNumber STRING , event_time STRING ) PARTITIONED BY (event_month string) ;
insert into table order_created_dynamic_partition PARTITION (event_month) select orderNumber, event_time, substr(event_time, 1, 7) as event_month from order_created;
报错：
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10096]: Dynamic partition strict mode requires at least one static partition column.
To turn this off set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict
解决方案：
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
重新执行：
insert into table order_created_dynamic_partition PARTITION (event_month) select orderNumber, event_time, substr(event_time, 1, 7) as event_month from order_created;
select * from order_created_dynamic_partition;
+-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | ordernumber | event_time | event_month | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+ | 10703007267488 | 2014-05-01 06:01:12.334+01 | 2014-05 | | 10101043505096 | 2014-05-01 07:28:12.342+01 | 2014-05 | | 10103043509747 | 2014-05-01 07:50:12.33+01 | 2014-05 | | 10103043501575 | 2014-05-01 09:27:12.33+01 | 2014-05 | | 10104043514061 | 2014-05-01 09:03:12.324+01 | 2014-05 | +-----------------+-----------------------------+--------------+