Python编写的Linux网络设置脚本，Debian Wheezy上测试通过
技术细节参见Linux网络设置高级指南
注意事项参见程序注释
快速使用指南：
- 根菜单下，直接回车意味着刷新
- 其它输入的时候，除了标明特定含义外，直接回车通常意味着取消或者跳过
net-config.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
网络设置脚本
在debian wheezy环境下测试通过
依赖命令：ip, iw, wpa_supplicant, wpa_cli, dhclient
注意：
- /etc/network/interfaces里面仅保留lo设备配置
- 与Gnome Network Manager/Wicd是否冲突未知
"""
__author__
=
'M@llon'
__version__
=
''
import
os
import
sys
import
traceback
import
net
def
test(v):
test.result
=
v
return
v
def
select_interface(interfaces):
"""
选择一个已知接口
返回接口名
直接回车返回空字符串
"""
while
True
:
name
=
input
(
'Enter interface name: '
)
if
name
=
=
''
or
name
in
interfaces:
return
name
def
connect_wireless(interface_name):
"""
连接无线
"""
ssid
=
None
while
True
:
ssid
=
input
(
'Enter SSID, RETURN for scanning: '
)
if
not
ssid:
for
s
in
net.get_ssids(interface_name):
print
(s)
else
:
break
sec
=
input
(
'Select security method Open/WEP/WPA [0,1,2]: '
)
if
sec
=
=
'0'
:
net.connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid)
elif
sec
=
=
'1'
:
keys
=
input
(
'Enter comma separated keys: '
).split(
','
)
net.connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys)
elif
sec
=
=
'2'
:
key
=
input
(
'Enter key: '
)
net.connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key)
def
setup_ip_gateway_dns(interface_name):
"""
手工设置IP地址、默认网关和DNS
"""
if
test(
input
(
'Enter comma separated ip addresses: '
)):
ip_addresses
=
test.result.split(
','
)
net.set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses)
if
test(
input
(
'Enter gateway address: '
)):
ip_address
=
test.result
net.set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address)
if
test(
input
(
'Enter comma separated dns addresses: '
)):
name_servers
=
test.result.split(
','
)
net.set_name_servers(name_servers)
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
# 提升到root权限
if
os.geteuid():
args
=
[sys.executable]
+
sys.argv
# 下面两种写法，一种使用su，一种使用sudo，都可以
#os.execlp('su', 'su', '-c', ' '.join(args))
os.execlp(
'sudo'
,
'sudo'
,
*
args)
# 显示根菜单
while
True
:
try
:
interfaces
=
net.get_interfaces()
os.system(
'clear'
)
net.print_state(interfaces, net.get_default_route(), net.get_name_servers())
except
Exception as ex:
traceback.print_exc()
break
print
(
'Root Menu:'
)
print
(
' 0 - Quit'
)
print
(
' 1 - cleanup all settings'
)
print
(
' 2 - enable interface'
)
print
(
' 3 - disable interface'
)
print
(
' 4 - connect interface'
)
print
(
' 5 - disconnect interface'
)
print
(
' 6 - setup ip, gateway and dns using dhcp'
)
print
(
' 7 - setup ip, gateway and dns manually'
)
print
(
' 8 - load preset'
)
print
()
try
:
choice
=
input
(
'Enter your choice: '
)
if
choice
=
=
'0'
:
break
elif
choice
=
=
'1'
:
if
input
(
'Are you sure? [y/n]: '
).lower()
=
=
'y'
:
net.cleanup_all(interfaces)
elif
choice
in
(
'2'
,
'3'
,
'4'
,
'5'
,
'6'
,
'7'
)
and
test(select_interface(interfaces)):
name
=
test.result
if
choice
=
=
'2'
:
if
not
interfaces[name][
'enabled'
]:
net.enable_interface(name)
elif
choice
=
=
'3'
:
if
interfaces[name][
'enabled'
]:
if
interfaces[name][
'connected'
]
and
interfaces[name][
'wireless'
]:
net.disconnect_wireless(name)
net.disable_interface(name)
elif
choice
=
=
'4'
:
if
interfaces[name][
'enabled'
]
and
interfaces[name][
'wireless'
]
and
(
not
interfaces[name][
'connected'
]):
connect_wireless(name)
elif
choice
=
=
'5'
:
if
interfaces[name][
'connected'
]
and
interfaces[name][
'wireless'
]:
net.disconnect_wireless(name)
elif
choice
=
=
'6'
:
if
interfaces[name][
'connected'
]:
net.set_dhcp(name)
elif
choice
=
=
'7'
:
setup_ip_gateway_dns(name)
except
KeyboardInterrupt as ex:
print
()
break
except
Exception as ex:
traceback.print_exc()
input
(
'Press any key to continue...'
)
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net.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
常用网络命令的python封装
"""
__author__
=
'M@llon'
__version__
=
''
import
os
import
re
def
test(v):
test.result
=
v
return
v
def
get_interfaces():
"""
获取所有网络接口信息
遇到任何错误均抛出异常
"""
interfaces
=
dict
()
# 获取接口名、索引号、启停状态、连接状态、硬件地址、IPv4地址
for
line
in
os.popen(
'ip -o addr show'
):
if
test(re.match(
'^(\d+):\s+(\w+):\s+<(.+?)>\s+.+?state\s+(\w+)\s+.+?link/(\w+)\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$'
, line)):
m
=
test.result
# 这些标记的含义参见“/linux/if.h”中的“IFF_...”宏
flags
=
m.group(
3
).split(
','
)
# 去掉回环接口
if
'LOOPBACK'
in
flags:
continue
interfaces[m.group(
2
)]
=
{
'index'
:
int
(m.group(
1
)),
'enabled'
:
'UP'
in
flags,
'connected'
: {
'UP'
:
True
,
'DOWN'
:
False
}.get(m.group(
4
)),
'hardware_address'
: m.group(
6
),
'wireless'
:
False
,
'ip_addresses'
:
list
()
}
elif
test(re.match(
'^\d+:\s+(\w+)\s+inet\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$'
, line)):
m
=
test.result
name
=
m.group(
1
)
interface
=
interfaces.get(name)
if
not
interface:
# 此处就排除了上面去掉的接口，例如loopback接口
continue
interface[
'ip_addresses'
].append(m.group(
2
))
# 获取无线类型的接口
for
line
in
os.popen(
'iw dev'
):
if
test(re.match(
'^\s+Interface\s+(\w+)\s*?\n$'
, line)):
# 接口是否为wireless
interfaces[test.result.group(
1
)][
'wireless'
]
=
True
# 获取无线类型的接口的连接信息
for
name
in
interfaces:
interface
=
interfaces[name]
if
interface[
'wireless'
]:
for
line
in
os.popen(
'iw dev %s link'
%
name):
# 此处也可以通过“Connected ...”行判断是否已连接，但是上面已经判断了
if
test(re.match(
'^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$'
, line)):
# 获取SSID
interface[
'ssid'
]
=
test.result.group(
1
)
return
interfaces
def
get_default_route():
"""
获取默认路由信息
"""
default_route
=
None
for
line
in
os.popen(
'ip route show'
):
if
test(re.match(
'^\s*default\s+via\s+(\S+)\s+dev\s+(\S+)\s*\n$'
, line)):
m
=
test.result
default_route
=
{
'ip_address'
: m.group(
1
),
'interface_name'
: m.group(
2
)
}
break
return
default_route
def
get_name_servers():
"""
获取域名服务器IP地址列表
"""
name_servers
=
list
()
for
line
in
open
(
'/etc/resolv.conf'
):
if
test(re.match(
'^\s*nameserver\s+(\S+)\s*\n$'
, line)):
name_servers.append(test.result.group(
1
))
return
name_servers
def
print_state(interfaces, default_route, name_servers):
"""
打印所有网络接口、路由以及DNS信息
"""
# 网络接口
print
(
'Network Interfaces:'
)
print
(
' %10s %8s %17s %s'
%
(
'name'
,
'type'
,
'mac address'
,
'state'
,
))
print
(
' ---------- -------- ----------------- -----'
)
for
name
in
interfaces:
interface
=
interfaces[name]
state
=
list
()
if
interface[
'enabled'
]:
state.append(
'enabled'
)
if
interface[
'connected'
]:
state.append(
'connected'
)
if
test(interface.get(
'ssid'
)):
state.append(
'ssid:%s'
%
test.result)
if
len
(interface[
'ip_addresses'
]):
state.append(
'ip:%s'
%
','
.join(interface[
'ip_addresses'
]))
print
(
' %10s %8s %17s %s'
%
(
name,
'wireless'
if
interface[
'wireless'
]
else
'wired'
,
interface[
'hardware_address'
],
', '
.join(state)
if
len
(state)
else
'N/A'
))
print
()
# 默认路由
print
(
'Default Gateway:'
)
if
default_route:
print
(
' ---> %s ---> %s'
%
(default_route[
'interface_name'
], default_route[
'ip_address'
]))
else
:
print
(
' N/A'
)
print
()
# DNS
print
(
'DNS:'
)
if
len
(name_servers):
print
(
' %s'
%
', '
.join(name_servers))
else
:
print
(
' N/A'
)
print
()
def
cleanup_all(interfaces):
"""
清理网络接口所有的设置、默认路由以及DNS
"""
# 结束“supplicant”进程
os.system(
'killall wpa_supplicant'
)
# 禁用所有网络接口，删除所有IP地址以及路由
for
name
in
interfaces:
os.system(
'ip link set %s down'
%
name)
os.system(
'ip addr flush %s'
%
name)
# 删除所有DNS地址
open
(
'/etc/resolv.conf'
,
'w'
).close()
def
enable_interface(interface_name):
"""
启用网络接口
"""
os.system(
'ip link set %s up'
%
interface_name)
def
disable_interface(interface_name):
"""
禁用网络接口
"""
os.system(
'ip link set %s down'
%
interface_name)
def
get_ssids(interface_name):
"""
扫描SSID
"""
ssids
=
list
()
for
line
in
os.popen(
'iw dev %s scan'
%
interface_name):
if
test(re.match(
'^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$'
, line)):
ssids.append(test.result.group(
1
))
return
ssids
def
connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid):
"""
连接非加密的无线网
"""
os.system(
'iw dev %s connect -w %s'
%
(interface_name, ssid))
def
connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys):
"""
连接WEP加密的无线网
"""
os.system(
'iw dev %s connect -w %s key %s'
%
(interface_name, ssid,
' '
.join(keys)))
def
connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key):
"""
连接WPA加密的无线网
"""
os.system(
'wpa_supplicant -i %s -D nl80211,wext -s -B -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.%s.pid -C /var/run/wpa_supplicant'
%
(
interface_name, interface_name
))
os.system(
'wpa_cli -i %s add_network'
%
interface_name)
os.system(
'wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 ssid \'"%s"\''
%
(interface_name, ssid))
os.system(
'wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK'
%
interface_name)
os.system(
'wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 psk \'"%s"\''
%
(interface_name, key))
os.system(
'wpa_cli -i %s enable_network 0'
%
interface_name)
def
disconnect_wireless(interface_name):
"""
关闭无线连接
"""
pattern
=
'^\s*\S+\s+(\S+)\s+.+?wpa_supplicant.%s.pid.+?\n$'
%
interface_name
for
line
in
os.popen(
'ps aux'
):
if
test(re.match(pattern, line)):
pid
=
test.result.group(
1
)
os.system(
'kill -9 %s'
%
pid)
os.system(
'iw dev %s disconnect'
%
interface_name)
def
set_dhcp(interface_name):
"""
使用DHCP设置接口
"""
os.system(
'dhclient -r %s'
%
interface_name)
os.system(
'dhclient %s'
%
interface_name)
def
set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses):
"""
设置某网络接口的IP地址
"""
os.system(
'ip addr flush %s'
%
interface_name)
for
ip_address
in
ip_addresses:
os.system(
'ip addr add %s dev %s'
%
(ip_address, interface_name))
def
set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address):
"""
设置默认路由
"""
os.system(
'ip route del default'
)
os.system(
'ip route add default via %s dev %s'
%
(ip_address, interface_name))
def
set_name_servers(name_servers):
"""
设置域名服务器地址
"""
with
open
(
'/etc/resolv.conf'
,
'w'
) as fp:
for
name_server
in
name_servers:
fp.write(
'nameserver %s%s'
%
(name_server, os.linesep))
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