Task Cancellation: Parallel Programming
This is my third article on Parallel programming. Last two articles are on Data Parallelism and Task Parallelism.
You can read my previous article here:
Begin with Parallel programming in Dotnet 4.0
Task Parallelism: Parallel programming - II
Today I am writing about how to cancel parallel tasks in cooperative manner i.e. dotnet framework doesn’t force your tasks to finish the task.
Task execution can be cancelled through use of cancellation Token which is new in DotNet Framework4.0. Task class supports Cancellation with the integration with System.Threading.CancellationTokenSource class and the System.Threading.CancellationToken class. Many of the constructors in the System.Threading.Tasks.Task class take a CancellationToken as an input parameter. Many of the StartNew overloads also take a CancellationToken.
CancellationTokenSource contains CancellationToken and Cancel method through which cancellation request can be raised. I’ll cover following type of cancellation here:
- Cancelling a task.
- Cancelling Many Tasks
- Monitor tokens
Cancelling Task
Following steps will describe how to cancel a task:
- First create instance of CancellationTokenSource class
- Create instance of CancellationToken by setting Token property of CancellationTokenSource class.
- Start task by TaskFactory.StartNew method or Task.Start().
- Check for token.IsCancellationRequested property or token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested() for Cancellation Request.
- Execute Cancel method of CancellationTokenSource class to send cancellation request to Task.
SourceCode
01.
CancellationTokenSource tokenSource = newCancellationTokenSource();
02.
CancellationToken token = tokenSource.Token;
03.
04.
int i = 0;
05.
Console.WriteLine("Calling from Main Thread {0}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
06.
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
07.
{
08.
while (true)
09.
{
10.
if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
11.
{
12.
Console.WriteLine("Task cancel detected");
13.
throw new OperationCanceledException(token);
14.
}
15.
Console.WriteLine("Thread:{0} Printing: {1}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, i++);
16.
}
17.
});
18.
19.
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling task");
20.
21.
tokenSource.Cancel();
When tokenSource.Cancel method execute then token.IsCancellationRequested property will gets true then you need to cancel execution of task. In above example I am throwingOperationCanceledException which should have parameter as token, but you need to catch this exception otherwise it will give error “Unhandled Exception”. If you don’t want to throw exception explicitly then you can use ThrowIfCancellationRequested method which internally throwOperationCanceledException and no need to explicitly check for token.IsCancellationRequested property.
01.
CancellationTokenSource tokenSource = newCancellationTokenSource();
02.
CancellationToken token = tokenSource.Token;
03.
04.
int i = 0;
05.
Console.WriteLine("Calling from Main Thread {0}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
06.
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
07.
{
08.
while (true)
09.
{
10.
try
11.
{
12.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
13.
}
14.
catch (OperationCanceledException)
15.
{
16.
Console.WriteLine("Task cancel detected");
17.
break;
18.
}
19.
Console.WriteLine("Thread:{0} Printing: {1}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, i++);
20.
}
21.
22.
23.
});
24.
25.
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling task");
26.
Thread.Sleep(10);
27.
tokenSource.Cancel();//Cancelling task
28.
Console.WriteLine("Task Status:{0}", task.Status);
Output
Calling from Main Thread 10
Cancelling task
Thread:6 Printing: 0
Thread:6 Printing: 1
Thread:6 Printing: 2
Thread:6 Printing: 3
Thread:6 Printing: 4
Thread:6 Printing: 5
Thread:6 Printing: 6
Thread:6 Printing: 7
Thread:6 Printing: 8
Thread:6 Printing: 9
Task Status:Running
Task cancel detected
Wait until Task Execution Completed
You can see TaskStatus is showing status as “Running'” in above output besides Cancel method fired before than task status. So to avoid execution next statement after cancel method we should wait for task to be in complete phase for this we can use Wait method of task class.
1.
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling task");
2.
Thread.Sleep(10);
3.
tokenSource.Cancel();
4.
task.Wait();//wait for thread to completes its execution
5.
Console.WriteLine("Task Status:{0}", task.Status);
Output
Calling from Main Thread 9
Cancelling task
Thread:6 Printing: 0
Thread:6 Printing: 1
Thread:6 Printing: 2
Thread:6 Printing: 3
Thread:6 Printing: 4
Thread:6 Printing: 5
Task cancel detected
Task Status:RanToCompletion
Cancelling Several Tasks
You can use one instance of token to cancel several tasks like in below example:
01.
public void CancelSeveralTasks()
02.
{
03.
CancellationTokenSource tokenSource = newCancellationTokenSource();
04.
CancellationToken token = tokenSource.Token;
05.
06.
int i = 0;
07.
Console.WriteLine("Calling from Main Thread {0}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
08.
09.
Task t1 = new Task(() =>
10.
{
11.
while (true)
12.
{
13.
try
14.
{
15.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
16.
}
17.
18.
catch (OperationCanceledException)
19.
{
20.
Console.WriteLine("Task1 cancel detected");
21.
break;
22.
}
23.
24.
Console.WriteLine("Task1: Printing: {1}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, i++);
25.
}
26.
}, token);
27.
28.
Task t2 = new Task(() =>
29.
{
30.
while (true)
31.
{
32.
try
33.
{
34.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
35.
}
36.
37.
catch (OperationCanceledException)
38.
{
39.
Console.WriteLine("Task2 cancel detected");
40.
break;
41.
}
42.
43.
Console.WriteLine("Task2: Printing: {1}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, i++);
44.
}
45.
});
46.
47.
t1.Start();
48.
t2.Start();
49.
Thread.Sleep(100);
50.
tokenSource.Cancel();
51.
52.
t1.Wait();//wait for thread to completes its execution
53.
t2.Wait();//wait for thread to completes its execution
54.
Console.WriteLine("Task1 Status:{0}", t1.Status);
55.
Console.WriteLine("Task2 Status:{0}", t1.Status);
56.
}
Output
Calling from Main Thread 9
Task1: Printing: 0
Task1: Printing: 1
Task1: Printing: 2
Task1: Printing: 3
Task1: Printing: 4
Task1: Printing: 5
Task1: Printing: 6
Task1: Printing: 7
Task1: Printing: 8
Task1: Printing: 9
Task1: Printing: 10
Task1: Printing: 11
Task1: Printing: 12
Task1: Printing: 14
Task1: Printing: 15
Task1: Printing: 16
Task1: Printing: 17
Task1: Printing: 18
Task1: Printing: 19
Task2: Printing: 13
Task2: Printing: 21
Task2: Printing: 22
Task2: Printing: 23
Task2: Printing: 24
Task2: Printing: 25
Task2: Printing: 26
Task2: Printing: 27
Task2: Printing: 28
Task2: Printing: 29
Task1: Printing: 20
Task1: Printing: 31
Task1: Printing: 32
Task1: Printing: 33
Task1: Printing: 34
Task2: Printing: 30
Task1: Printing: 35
Task1: Printing: 37
Task1: Printing: 38
Task2: Printing: 36
Task2: Printing: 40
Task2: Printing: 41
Task1: Printing: 39
Task1 cancel detected
Task2 cancel detected
Task1 Status:RanToCompletion
Task2 Status:RanToCompletion
Monitoring Cancellation with a Delegate
You can register delegate to get status of cancellation as callback. This is useful if your task is doing some other asynchronous operations. It can be useful in showing cancellation status on UI.
01.
public void MonitorTaskwithDelegates()
02.
{
03.
CancellationTokenSource tokenSource = newCancellationTokenSource();
04.
CancellationToken token = tokenSource.Token;
05.
06.
int i = 0;
07.
Console.WriteLine("Calling from Main Thread {0}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
08.
09.
Task t1 = new Task(() =>
10.
{
11.
while (true)
12.
{
13.
try
14.
{
15.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
16.
}
17.
18.
catch (OperationCanceledException)
19.
{
20.
Console.WriteLine("Task1 cancel detected");
21.
break;
22.
}
23.
24.
Console.WriteLine("Task1: Printing: {1}", System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, i++);
25.
}
26.
}, token);
27.
28.
//Register Cancellation Delegate
29.
token.Register(new Action(GetStatus));
30.
t1.Start();
31.
Thread.Sleep(10);
32.
//cancelling task
33.
tokenSource.Cancel();
34.
}
35.
public void GetStatus()
36.
{
37.
Console.WriteLine("Cancelled called");
38.
}
Output
Calling from Main Thread 10
Task1: Printing: 0
Task1: Printing: 1
Task1: Printing: 2
Task1: Printing: 3
Task1: Printing: 4
Task1: Printing: 5
Task1: Printing: 6
Task1: Printing: 7
Task1: Printing: 8
Task1: Printing: 9
Task1: Printing: 10
Task1: Printing: 11
Task1: Printing: 12
Cancelled called
Task1 cancel detected
I hope this article will help to you to understand Cooperative Cancellation in Parallel tasks.
You can also get source code above examples here: