与虚拟相比Docker更加轻量高效,更加方便移植。虚拟机提供的是完整的操作系统环境,包含了大量类似硬件驱动、虚拟处理器、网络接口等等并不需要的信息,也需要比较长时间的启动,同时也会消耗大量的内存、CPU资源,迁移的时候太大了。
互联网文章 :Docker 集装箱式"运输"在软件上的实现
rpm -ivh http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum install docker-io -y service docker start chkconfig docker on #获取最新的centos镜像 docker pull centos:latest #查看可用镜像 docker images centos #测试镜像 docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
当 Fedora 项目的维护人员发现可以采用管理 Fedora 项目的方法,来管理针对企业版 Linux 的附加软件包项目时,一个新的伟大的项目诞生了!项目诞生之初只是加入了一些在 RHEL 维护 Fedora 的工具。随着时间的发展,EPEL 仓库越来越丰富,成为一个大型的软件收集仓库。
关注:https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F
#外部调用容器命令 docker run centos /bin/echo 'Hello world' #容器交互(t分配伪终端i指定容器) docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash #退出容器交互终端 bash-4.2# exit #后台执行-d(输出container ID) docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" 894e36b70a671e67252c0034b8eda47059f20dea0edf49700737d6311851a504 #查看容器守护进程(drunk_feynman容器自动分配的标记) docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 894e36b70a67 centos:latest /bin/sh -c 'while tr 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes drunk_feynman #查看容器标准输出 docker logs drunk_feynman #停止容器程序(返回对应的name表示停止成功) docker stop drunk_feynman #查看所有容器历史 docker ps -a #恢复指定容器的最后状态 docker start 942ca54d1f94 #进去一个后台运行的容器 docker attach 942ca54d1f94
#查看本地image [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos latest 1a7dc42f78ba 43 hours ago 236.4 MB #搜索镜像 docker search centos #从hub获取cetnos镜像 docker pull centos
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash bash-4.2# touch qiyue bash-4.2# exit exit [root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash bash-4.2# ls qiyue ls: cannot access qiyue: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash bash-4.2# touch qiyue #这里不退出交互终端,另外开一个窗口 [root@localhost ~]# docker imagesdocker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6e98177d50f9 centos:latest /bin/bash 15 seconds ago Up 15 seconds cranky_euclid #-m 类似git的标记信息, -a 作者 6e98177d50f9为CONTAINER ID,centos:test_1为新的镜像名字 [root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m "add qiyue" -a "wenhao" 6e98177d50f9 centos:test_1 9d9d923e47f5189759174481f6543acf08959a1b93993a9246a6652c03603268 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos test_1 9d9d923e47f5 18 minutes ago 236.4 MB centos latest 1a7dc42f78ba 42 hours ago 236.4 MB [root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i centos:test_1 /bin/bash bash-4.2# ls qiyue qiyue
#创建一个目录,并在目录写 touch Dockerfile mkdir /vagrant/wenhao cd /vagrant/wenhao/ touch Dockerfile
#Dockerfile 配置信息 FROM centos:latest MAINTAINER caiwenhao RUN yum install nginx -y RUN yum install mysql -y
#这里必须包含. 表示当前目录下的Dockerfile docker build -t="centos:test_2" . [root@localhost wenhao]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos test_2 156d947ce048 22 seconds ago 375.1 MB centos test_1 9d9d923e47f5 43 minutes ago 236.4 MB centos latest 1a7dc42f78ba 42 hours ago 236.4 MB [root@localhost wenhao]# docker run -t -i centos:test_2 /bin/bash bash-4.2# mysql -V mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.37-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@localhost wenhao]# docker tag 156d947ce048 centos:test_3 [root@localhost wenhao]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos test_2 156d947ce048 6 minutes ago 375.1 MB centos test_3 156d947ce048 6 minutes ago 375.1 MB centos test_1 9d9d923e47f5 49 minutes ago 236.4 MB centos latest 1a7dc42f78ba 42 hours ago 236.4 MB
[root@localhost wenhao]# docker rmi -f centos:test_1 Untagged: centos:test_1 Deleted: 9d9d923e47f5189759174481f6543acf08959a1b93993a9246a6652c03603268 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos test_2 156d947ce048 58 minutes ago 375.1 MB centos latest 1a7dc42f78ba 43 hours ago 236.4 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker login Username: caiwenhao Password: Email: [email protected] [root@localhost ~]# docker push centos:test_2
docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash yum install wget wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python easy_install tornado mkdir /data vim /data/web.py
import tornado.ioloop import tornado.web class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.write("Hello, world") application = tornado.web.Application([ (r"/", MainHandler), ]) if __name__ == "__main__": application.listen(8888) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
docker commit -m "add python" -a "wenhao" 2b5ae98645cd centos:python docker run -d -p 3333:8888 centos:python python /data/web.py curl http://127.0.0.1:3333