Spring Security3 - MVC 整合教程 (初识Spring Security3)
下面我们将实现关于Spring Security3的一系列教程.
最终的目标是整合Spring Security + Spring3MVC
完成类似于SpringSide3中mini-web的功能.
Spring Security是什么?
引用
Spring Security，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术。
关于Spring Security学习的资料.
最重要,最齐全的中文资料当然是family168的中文文档
Spring Security2参考文档
Spring Security3 参考文档
附件包含了一个很好的初入门的PDF教程.
最好是花30分钟先照着PDF上的教程一步一步的操作.
虽然没有实际的应用价值,但对初学者认识SpringSecurity3很有帮助.
我们的项目目录结构最终是:
需要添加的jar包:
我们先实现一个controller:
MainController.java
Java代码 
package org.liukai.tutorial.controller;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/main")
public class MainController {
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
/**
* 跳转到commonpage页面
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getCommonPage() {
logger.debug("Received request to show common page");
return "commonpage";
}
/**
* 跳转到adminpage页面
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getAadminPage() {
logger.debug("Received request to show admin page");
return "adminpage";
}
}
该controller有两个mapping映射:
引用
main/common
main/admin
现在我们将同过Spring Security3框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common.
但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin.
我们先在web.xml中开启Spring3MVC和SpringSecurity3.
web.xml
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<!-- SpringSecurity必须的filter -->
<filter>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
要启用SpringSecurity3,我们需要完成以下两步:
1.在web.xml中声明DelegatingFilterProxy.
Xml代码
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过SpringSecurity.
2.导入指定的SpringSecurity配置 :spring-security.xml
关于spring-security.xml的配置.
我们把这个放到后面配置.以便更详细的讲解.
注意一点.最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前.否则
SpringSecurity可能不会正常工作.
在web.xml中我们定义servlet:spring.
按照惯例,我们必须声明一个spring-servle.xml
spring-servle.xml
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 定义一个视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
</beans>
这个XML配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/ WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置.
然后创建一个applicationContext.xml.
applicationContext.xml.
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 激活spring的注解. -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中.
例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.liukai.tutorial" />
<!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>
接着是创建JSP页面
commonpage.jsp
Jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Common Page</h1>
<p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>
<br />
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>
adminpage.jsp
Jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Admin Page</h1>
<p>管理员页面</p>
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>
这两个JSP对应着
当然还有登陆页面和拒绝访问页面
loginpage.jsp
Jsp代码
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
<div id="login-error">${error}</div>
<form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post">
<p>
<label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username"
name="j_username" type="text" />
</p>
<p>
<label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password"
name="j_password" type="password" />
</p>
<input type="submit" value="Login" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
deniedpage.jsp
Jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你的权限不够!</h1>
<p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p>
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>
还有一个controller用于映射上面两个JSP页面..
LoginLogoutController.java
Java代码
package org.liukai.tutorial.controller;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("auth")
public class LoginLogoutController {
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
/**
* 指向登录页面
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getLoginPage(
@RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error,
ModelMap model) {
logger.debug("Received request to show login page");
if (error == true) {
// Assign an error message
model.put("error",
"You have entered an invalid username or password!");
} else {
model.put("error", "");
}
return "loginpage";
}
/**
* 指定无访问额权限页面
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getDeniedPage() {
logger.debug("Received request to show denied page");
return "deniedpage";
}
}
该controller实现了两个映射
引用
auth/login --显示Login页面
auth/denied --显示拒绝访问页面
最后,让我们看看spring-security.xml的配置
spring-security.xml
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">
<!-- Spring-Security 的配置 -->
<!-- 注意开启use-expressions.表示开启表达式.
see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html
-->
<security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
<security:form-login
login-page="/auth/login"
authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
default-target-url="/main/common"/>
<security:logout
invalidate-session="true"
logout-success-url="/auth/login"
logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
</security:http>
<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
<security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
<!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>
<!--
通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
-->
<bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
</beans>
在配置中我们可以看到三个URL对应的三个权限
Xml代码
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
需要注意的是我们使用了SpringEL表达式来指定角色的访问.
以下是表达式对应的用法.
引用
表达式 说明
hasRole([role]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。
hasAnyRole([role1,role2]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 （使用逗号分隔的字符串队列）
principal 允许直接访问主体对象，表示当前用户
authentication 允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得
permitAll 一直返回true
denyAll 一直返回false
isAnonymous() 如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true
isRememberMe() 如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回 true
isAuthenticated() 如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true
isFullyAuthenticated() 如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时， 就会返回true。
所以
Xml代码
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
表示所有的人都可以访问/auth/login.
Xml代码
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
则表示只有拥有对应的角色才能访问.
Xml代码
<security:form-login
login-page="/auth/login"
authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
default-target-url="/main/common"/>
表示通过 /auth/login这个映射进行登录.
如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common
Xml代码
security:logout
invalidate-session="true"
logout-success-url="/auth/login"
logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
很简单.我们开启了session失效功能.
注销URL为:/auth/logout
注销成功后转向:/auth/login
Xml代码
<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
<security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
<!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>
<!--
通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
-->
<bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.
DbUser.java
Java代码
package org.liukai.tutorial.domain;
public class DbUser {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer access;
//getter/setter
}
通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作.
UserDao.java
Java代码
package org.liukai.tutorial.dao;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;
public class UserDao {
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao");
public DbUser getDatabase(String username) {
List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase();
for (DbUser dbUser : users) {
if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) {
logger.debug("User found");
return dbUser;
}
}
logger.error("User does not exist!");
throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!");
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() {
List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>();
DbUser user = null;
user = new DbUser();
user.setUsername("admin");
// "admin"经过MD5加密后
user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
user.setAccess(1);
users.add(user);
user = new DbUser();
user.setUsername("user");
// "user"经过MD5加密后
user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");
user.setAccess(2);
users.add(user);
return users;
}
}
自定义UserDetailsService .可以通过继承UserDetailsService
来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService
关于UserDetailsService更多信息. 可以查看SpringSecurity3文档
CustomUserDetailsService.java
Java代码
package org.liukai.tutorial.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.liukai.tutorial.dao.UserDao;
import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
/**
* 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService
*
* @author liukai
*
*/
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao();
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {
UserDetails user = null;
try {
// 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名.
// 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库
DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username);
// Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser
// Here we just pass the username, password, and access level
// getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct
// role type
user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword()
.toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true,
getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error in retrieving user");
throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user");
}
return user;
}
/**
* 获得访问角色权限
*
* @param access
* @return
*/
public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) {
List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);
// 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限
logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user");
authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));
// 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限
if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) {
logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user");
authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));
}
return authList;
}
}
最后启动服务器输入:
http://localhost:8080/spring3-security-integration/auth/login
总结
通过本教程.我们对SpringSecurity3有了进一步的认识.
主要是了解了UserDetailsService的重要作用.
以及实现了模拟自定义数据的登录.(这点很重要,很多人学习了SpringSecurity却不知道
如何自定义权限)
这次教程因为内容很多,显得比较粗糙.很多地方并没有详细的阐明.
后面的教程还是SpringSecurity.
但我们将对SpringSecurity3新推出的一些特性进行详细的说明和理解.