【原创】管理 RabbitMQ 服务器的几种方式


1.通过 rabbitmqctl 脚本

rabbitmqctl 是 shell 脚本,其通过 exec 调用了 erl 程序。会间接调用到如下两个 shell 脚本:
  • rabbitmq-env
  • rabbitmq-defaults
在使用该脚本时允许用户定制的环境变量为:
  • RABBITMQ_NODENAME          默认值 ${NODENAME}
  • RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS       默认值 ${CTL_ERL_ARGS}
下面分别看下这几个脚本都干了哪些事情。
rabbitmqctl
[root@Betty chapter-9]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl 

#!/bin/sh
##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
##
##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
##  the License for the specific language governing rights and
##  limitations under the License.
##
##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.
##
##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.
##  Copyright (c) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.
##

# Get default settings with user overrides for (RABBITMQ_)<var_name>
# Non-empty defaults should be set in rabbitmq-env
. `dirname $0`/rabbitmq-env     # $0 为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl 所以 `dirname $0`/rabbitmq-env 
                                # 为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env
                                # 这里是初始化了一些默认的环境变量值(详见下面)

##--- Set environment vars RABBITMQ_<var_name> to defaults if not set

# 若未手动设置 $RABBITMQ_NODENAME 则设置其为默认值 ${NODENAME}
[ "x" = "x$RABBITMQ_NODENAME" ] && RABBITMQ_NODENAME=${NODENAME}
# 若未手动设置 $RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS 则设置其值为默认值 ${CTL_ERL_ARGS}
[ "x" = "x$RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS" ] && RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS=${CTL_ERL_ARGS}

##--- End of overridden <var_name> variables

exec ${ERL_DIR}erl \
    -pa "${RABBITMQ_HOME}/ebin" \
    -noinput \
    -hidden \
    ${RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS} \
    -sname rabbitmqctl$$ \                  # $$ 为当前进程的 pid
    -boot "${CLEAN_BOOT_FILE}" \
    -s rabbit_control_main \
    -nodename $RABBITMQ_NODENAME \
    -extra "$@"
rabbitmq-env
[root@Betty ~]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env

#!/bin/sh
##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
##
##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
##  the License for the specific language governing rights and
##  limitations under the License.
##
##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.
##
##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.
##  Copyright (c) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.
##

# Determine where this script is really located (if this script is
# invoked from another script, this is the location of the caller)
SCRIPT_PATH="$0"    # $0 的值应该为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env
while [ -h "$SCRIPT_PATH" ] ; do       # -h 用于判定是否为符号链接
    # readlink -f 获取符号链接 rabbitmq-env 所对应的完整路径 /usr/lib/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-env
    FULL_PATH=`readlink -f $SCRIPT_PATH 2>/dev/null`
    if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then   # 判定上一步执行结果是否为成功
    # 直接执行 readlink 将获取符号链接 rabbitmq-env 所对应的相对路径 ../lib/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-env
      REL_PATH=`readlink $SCRIPT_PATH`
      # expr STRING : REGEXP 判定 $REL_PATH 是不是以 '/' 开头
      if expr "$REL_PATH" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
        SCRIPT_PATH="$REL_PATH"   # 以 '/' 开头
      else
        SCRIPT_PATH="`dirname "$SCRIPT_PATH"`/$REL_PATH"
      fi
    else
      SCRIPT_PATH=$FULL_PATH
    fi
done

SCRIPT_DIR=`dirname $SCRIPT_PATH`    # 得到 SCRIPT_DIR = /usr/lib/rabbitmq/sbin
RABBITMQ_HOME="${SCRIPT_DIR}/.."     # 得到 RABBITMQ_HOME = /usr/lib/rabbitmq/
[ "x" = "x$HOSTNAME" ] && HOSTNAME=`env hostname`  # 得到 HOSTNAME = Betty
NODENAME=rabbit@${HOSTNAME%%.*}      # 得到 NODENAME = rabbit@Betty 其中 ${HOSTNAME%%.*} 的含义是
                                     # 以 '.' 为分隔位置,从后开始作最长匹配的删除
                                     # 如果是一个 '%' 则为最短匹配

## Set defaults
. ${SCRIPT_DIR}/rabbitmq-defaults    # 初始化默认环境变量(详见下面)

## Common defaults
SERVER_ERL_ARGS="+K true +A30 +P 1048576 \
  -kernel inet_default_connect_options [{nodelay,true}]"    # 默认的通用配置选项

# warn about old rabbitmq.conf file, if no new one
if [ -f /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf ] && \
   [ ! -f ${CONF_ENV_FILE} ] ; then
    echo -n "WARNING: ignoring /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf -- "   # echo -n 不输出换行符
    echo "location has moved to ${CONF_ENV_FILE}"
fi

## Get configuration variables from the configure environment file
[ -f ${CONF_ENV_FILE} ] && . ${CONF_ENV_FILE} # 如果存在 ${CONF_ENV_FILE} 文件则执行该 环境配置 文件
rabbitmq-defaults
[root@Betty ~]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-defaults 

#!/bin/sh
##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
##
##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
##  the License for the specific language governing rights and
##  limitations under the License.
##
##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.
##
##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.
##  Copyright (c) 2012-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.
##

### next line potentially updated in package install steps
SYS_PREFIX=

### next line will be updated when generating a standalone release
ERL_DIR=

CLEAN_BOOT_FILE=start_clean
SASL_BOOT_FILE=start_sasl

## Set default values

CONFIG_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq                 # 配置文件路径
LOG_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/log/rabbitmq                         # 日志文件路径
MNESIA_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia               # 数据库路径
ENABLED_PLUGINS_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins # 记录已使能插件的文件

PLUGINS_DIR="${RABBITMQ_HOME}/plugins"                          # 插件所在路径

CONF_ENV_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf      # 环境配置文件

2. 通过 RabbitMQ Management plugin
首先想到的问题是:为什么有了 rabbitmqctl 还要 RabbitMQ Management plugin ?
  • 原因一,若想通过 rabbitmqctl 来对 rabbitmq server 进行操作,要求必须要有 Erlang 运行环境、必须拥有和目标 rabbitmq server 使用的相同 erlang cookie 文件。
  • 原因二,一旦满足了上述条件,那么该访问者将拥有对当前 rabbitmq server 为所欲为的能力,非常危险。
  • 原因三,不是所有人都喜欢敲、以及会敲 CLI 命令。
  • 原因四,难于与其他编程语言或工具进行集成。
RabbitMQ Management plugin 提供了如下几种入口:
  • Web interface    --  通过鼠标点击就可以查看各种信息
  • REST interface   --   通过 HTTP URI 实现对各种功能的访问
  • CLI interface      --   通过 rabbitmqadmin 脚本访问 (Python2.x)
与《Rabbitmq in Action》中的说明进行对照:
  • Management: Web UI
  • Management: HTTP API
  • Management: Command Line Tool 
其中,
  • WEB UI 提供了在 rabbitmq server 上的可视化操作;
  • REST API 提供了一种与其他语言和工具集成的方式。返回的结构均以 JSON 格式提供,故需要支持 JSON 解析;需要支持 HTTP basic authentication ;需要手动构造完整的 HTTP request 。支持对返回结果的排序、显示过滤,以及获取历史数据。(参考 http://youripaddir:15672/api/)
  • CLI interface 优于 REST-based API 的地方是不需要构建 request 中的全部内容,提供了优雅的格式化的输出。rabbitmqadmin 已经实现了对 REST API 的封装,提供了更加简洁的调用接口,能够对 rabbitmq server 进行管理和监控。
      官网原文如下介绍该工具:rabbitmqadmin 提供了 Web UI 上所具有的全部功能,且更易于在脚本中使用。rabbitmqadmin 是一个特化的 HTTP 客户端,但如果你打算在自己的应用程序中调用 rabbitmqadmin ,那么还是建议你采用直接访问 HTTP API 的方式 另外, rabb itmqadmin 一般会在增加可执行权限后放到 /usr/local/bin 中。



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