使用clang的rewrite-objc filename 可以将有block的c代码转换成cpp代码。从中可以看到block的实现。
#include <stdio.h> int main() { void (^blk)(void) = ^{ printf("Block\n"); }; blk(); return 0; }使用clang rewrite-objc以后会看到block的实现
struct __main_block_impl_0 { struct __block_impl impl; struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc; __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int flags=0) { impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock; impl.Flags = flags; impl.FuncPtr = fp; Desc = desc; } };
可以看到其实block是一个正常的OC类
来看看block是怎样访问外部变量的
int main() { int dmy = 256; int val = 10; const char *fmt = "val = %d\n"; void (^blk)(void) = ^{ printf(fmt, val); }; return 0; }
转换之后,可以看到
struct __main_block_impl_0 { struct __block_impl impl; struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc; const char *fmt; int val; __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, const char *_fmt, int _val, int flags=0) : fmt(_fmt), val(_val) { impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock; impl.Flags = flags; impl.FuncPtr = fp; Desc = desc; } };
int main() { int dmy = 256; int val = 10; const char *fmt = "val = %d\n"; void (*blk)(void) = (void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, fmt, val); return 0; }
block的变量会被复制进block中
如果当block要改变传入的变量值怎么办?首先看一下全局变量和本地静态变量
int global_val = 1; static int static_global_val = 2; int main() { static int static_val = 3; void(^blk)(void) = ^{ global_val *= 1; static_global_val *= 2; static_val *= 3; }; blk(); return 0; }
struct __main_block_impl_0 { struct __block_impl impl; struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc; int *static_val; __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int *_static_val, int flags=0) : static_val(_static_val) { impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock; impl.Flags = flags; impl.FuncPtr = fp; Desc = desc; } }; static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) { int *static_val = __cself->static_val; // bound by copy global_val *= 1; static_global_val *= 2; (*static_val) *= 3; }
由于全局变量是在Data Section中,所以直接可以访问。局部静态变量是通过将其指针传入到block中,block就可以对其值进行修改。
然后看一下__block修饰符变量
int main() { __block int val = 10; void (^blk)(void) = ^{val = 1;}; blk(); return 0; }
struct __main_block_impl_0 { struct __block_impl impl; struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc; __Block_byref_val_0 *val; // by ref __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, __Block_byref_val_0 *_val, int flags=0) : val(_val->__forwarding) { impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock; impl.Flags = flags; impl.FuncPtr = fp; Desc = desc; } }; static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) { __Block_byref_val_0 *val = __cself->val; // bound by ref (val->__forwarding->val) = 1;} static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*dst, struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->val, (void*)src->val, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);}
__block修饰符的变量,会生成一个__Block_byref_val_0的struct,然后通过访问其__forwarding来访问val值。因为Block有可能是在stack或者heap中,所以用__forwarding来访问。之所以会将__block单独生成一个struct是因为可能该变量会被多个block使用。
Block分三种类型
0) NSConcreteStackBlock --stack
1) NSConcreteGlobalBlock --data area
2) NSConcreteMallocBlock --heap
自动copy block
当开启ARC时,在某些情况编译器会自动copy block,从stack到heap。
typedef int (^blk_t)(int); blk_t func(int rate) { return ^(int count){return rate * count;}; }
blk_t func(int rate) { blk_t tmp = &__func_block_impl_0( __func_block_func_0, &__func_block_desc_0_DATA, rate); tmp = objc_retainBlock(tmp); return objc_autoreleaseReturnValue(tmp); }
有些情况,编译器是无法检测是否应该copy block:
当block作为参数传递到方法或函数中。
但是,如果该方法或函数在内部copy,就不用手动再copy:
0)cocoa framework方法, 有usingBlock
1) GCD API
- (id) getBlockArray { int val = 10; return [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects: [^{NSLog(@"blk0:%d", val);} copy], [^{NSLog(@"blk1:%d", val);} copy], nil]; }
__forwarding
当block从stack copy到 heap中时,block中用到的__block也会copy到heap中,并且copy到heap中的block拥有该__block。
__block int val = 0; void (^blk)(void) = [^{++val;} copy]; ++val; blk(); NSLog(@"%d", val);
当block copy到heap中后, stack中的__forwarding会指向heap中的__block, heap中的__forwarding会指向自己的__block值,这样保证了__forwarding指向的是同一个变量值。
Block什么时候会copy到heap中
0)对block调用copy方法。
1)block作为一个函数的返回值。 编译器自动copy
2)赋值给id或block type class 有__strong 修饰符的成员变量。 编译器自动copy
3)usingBlock, GCD API。 在函数内copy
什么时候用该copy block?
0) block是函数返回值
1) block赋值给id或block type class 有__strong 修饰符的成员变量。
2)3)usingBlock, GCD API。 在函数内copy