django 学习笔记 （二）

二、Writing your first Django app, part 2

激活管理站点

1. 取消 settings.py 中 INSTALLED_APPS 中 admin 注释
   'django.contrib.admin',

2. 使用south管理数据库

   python manage.py schemamigration polls --auto
   python manage.py migrate polls
   

3. 设置 mysite/urls.py

   from django.contrib import admin
   admin.autodiscover()
   
   urlpatterns = patterns('',
       ...
       url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
   

4. 启动服务器
   python manage.py runserver
   访问地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

增加 poll

1. 增加 polls/admin.py

       from django.contrib import admin
       from polls.models import Poll
   
       admin.site.register(Poll)
   

2. 定制管理界面(更改顺序)

    a. 定义一个ModelAdmin类对象  
    b. 把该对象作为注册的第２个参数
   
           class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
               fields = ['pub_date', 'question']
   
           admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)
   

3. 定制管理界面(分组)

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
       fieldsets = [
           (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
           ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
       ]
   

4. 定制管理界面(折叠)

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
           ...
           ('日期信息', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
   

增加Choice

1. 内联方式

   from django.contrib import admin
   from polls.models import Choice, Poll
   
   class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
       model = Choice
       extra = 3
   
   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
       fieldsets = [
           (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
           ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
       ]
       inlines = [ChoiceInline]
   
   admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)
   

2. 表格方式

    class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
   

定制列表的管理界面

1. 普通显示多列

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
       # ...
       list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
   

2. 方法设置属性

   was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
   was_published_recently.boolean = True
   was_published_recently.short_description = '是否最近发布'
   

3. 增加一个过滤器

   list_filter = ['pub_date']
   

4. 增加搜索栏

   search_fields = ['question']
   

5. 日期分层过滤

   date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
   

6. 完整的 PollAdmin　类

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
   
       fieldsets = [
           (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
           ('日期信息', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
       ]
       inlines = [ChoiceInline]
       list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
       list_filter = ['pub_date']
       search_fields = ['question']
       date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
   

定制个人的项目模版

1.建立模版路径并增加到 settings.py 中

1.1 django 的源文件在哪里？

python -c "
import sys
sys.path = sys.path[1:]
import django
print(django.__path__)"

比如我的　virtualenvs　环境的django 的输出结果就是：

~/.virtualenvs/djtest/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django

1.2 建立一个项目模版目录并拷贝模版

在项目目录建立一个模版路径 templates，现在路径结果：

    ~/djtest/mysite
    |---mysite
    |---polls
    |    |---migrations
    |---templates
    |        |---admin

从~/.virtualenvs/djtest/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/templates/admin

cp base_site.html ~/djtest/mysite/templates/admin/

1.3 更改 settings.py，增加模版的搜索路径

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    '/home/***/djtest/mysite/templates/'
)