Linux Disk Fundamental

1. Keywords
    1.1 cylinder
    1.2 section
    1.3 header( 512 bytes per)

2. Disk
    2.1 /dev/hd* IDE disk
    2.2 /dev/sd* USB,SATA,SCSI,SAS
    2.3 /dev/[h|s]d[a-z] represent the physical disk in computer system. otherwise,
         /dev/[h|s]d[a-z][0-9] represent the disk partition. Format: [device name] + number.

3. Partition
   3.1 MBR format(Master Boot Record)
        3.1.1 Only for the BIOS PC computer, include 32bits and 64bits.
        3.1.2 Less than the storage size of 2T.
        3.1.3 Limited in the counts of partition.
        3.1.4 Structure of MBR format.
                                      |< partition table >|
                |boot code |part entry |part entry|part entry|part entry | 0x55AA |
                |0------------------445----------461---------477----------492-----------509-------511|
               3.1.4.1 total 512 bytes.
               3.1.4.2 at most 4 main partition
               3.1.4.3 extended partition must use a partition entry in partition table, then re-partition the logic partition on extended partition. Just as nested partition table.
   3.2 GPT (GUI Partition Table)
        3.2.1 More than 2T storage size.
        3.2.2 Based on UEFI hardware, new boot system in order to replace BIOS.

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