用 python 获取本地/公网 ip 地址

Windows下2种方法:
1.
使用拨号上网的话，一般都有一个本地ip和一个外网ip，使用python可以很容易的得到这两个ip
使用gethostbyname和gethostbyname_ex两个函数可以实现
import socket
localIP = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())  #这个得到本地ip
print "local ip:%s "%localIP

ipList = socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())
for i in ipList:
    if i != localIP:
       print "external IP:%s"%i      
2.       
import socket

myname = socket.getfqdn(socket.gethostname())
myaddr = socket.gethostbyname(myname)

还有一种Linux下的方法可以用的是：

Uses the Linux SIOCGIFADDR ioctl to find the IP address associated with a network interface, given the name of that interface, e.g. "eth0". The address is returned as a string containing a dotted quad.

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
        s.fileno(),
        0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
        struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
    )[20:24])

>>> get_ip_address('lo')
'127.0.0.1'

>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'