[积累] Rails常用命令

过完忙碌的春节长假，又要回来开始新一年的劳动了，这段时间石头给自己设定的主要的目标是攻克 Oral English ：）要知道想要学好一门语言可不是一朝一夕的事，所以要加倍努力了啊！不过 Of Course 在新技术研究方面我也决不会放手的，一有空闲时间就找点想法搞点新鲜的玩意，前一段时间 Rails2.0 横空出世，很是红火，于是又手痒拿起“火红的铁轨”玩了一阵，发现新版本和以前的版本相比还是有不少改进的，这方面 Robbin 同志已经帮我们做好总结了，在这里做个链接吧，有兴趣的朋友可以看看（Ruby on Rails 2.0的新特性介绍）。另外，以下是我在网上找到的一些常用的 Rails 命令，在自己 D.I.Y. 的过程中感觉还是很有查阅价值的，所以就特意记下来与大家共享了：）

1.1 创建一个Rails应用程序
$ rails app_name
可选项:
-d, database=xxx 指定安装一个数据库(mysql oracle postgresql sqlite2 sqlite3 ), 默认情况下是数据库
-r, ruby-path= 指定Ruby的安装路径,如果没有指定，scripts使用env去找Ruby
-f, freeze (冻结)freezes Rails在vendor/rails目录

1.2 API Documentation
$ gem_server
启动一个WEBrick服务器。这时候你可以通过Http://localhost:8808/ 打开浏览器去查看rails API文档

1.3 Rake
rake db:fixtures:load
# 载入fixtures到当前环境的数据库
# 载入指定的fixtures使用FIXTURES=x,y
rake db:migrate
# 迁移数据库通过在db/migrate目录下的脚本.可以指定版本号通过VERSION=x
rake db:schema:dump
# 创建一个db/schema.rb文件，通过AR能过够支持任何数据库去使用
rake db:schema:load
# 再入一个schema.rb文件进数据库
rake db:sessions:clear
# 清空sessions表
rake db:sessions:create
# 用CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore创建一个sessions表为用户
rake db:structure:dump
# 导出数据库结构为一个SQL文件
rake db:test:clone
# 重新创建一个测试数据库从当前环境数据库中
rake db:test:clone_structure
# 重新创建测试数据库从开发模式数据库
rake db:test:prepare
# 准备测试数据库并在入schema
rake db:test:purge
# 清空测试数据库
rake doc:app
# 创建HTML文件的API Documentation
rake doc:clobber_app
# 删除Documentation
rake doc:clobber_plugins
# 删除 plugin Documentation
rake doc:clobber_rails
# 删除Documentation
rake doc:plugins
# 产生Documation为所有安装的plugins
rake doc:rails
# 创建HTML文件的API Documentation
rake doc:reapp
# 强制重新创建HTML文件的API Documentation
rake doc:rerails
# 强制重新创建HTML文件的API Documentation
rake log:clear
# 清空目录log/下的所有日志文件
rake rails:freeze:edge
# Lock this application to latest Edge Rails. Lock a specific revision with REVISION=X
rake rails:freeze:gems
# Lock this application to the current gems (by unpacking them into vendor/rails)
rake rails:unfreeze
# Unlock this application from freeze of gems or edge and return to a fluid use of system gems
rake rails:update
# Update both scripts and public/javascripts from Rails
rake rails:update:javascripts
# Update your javascripts from your current rails install
rake rails:update:scripts
# Add new scripts to the application script/ directory
rake stats
# Report code statistics (KLOCs, etc) from the application
rake test
# Test all units and functionals
rake test:functionals
# Run tests for functionalsdb:test:prepare
rake test:integration
# Run tests for integrationdb:test:prepare
rake test:plugins
# Run tests for pluginsenvironment
rake test:recent
# Run tests for recentdb:test:prepare
rake test:uncommitted
# Run tests for uncommitteddb:test:prepare
rake test:units
# Run tests for unitsdb:test:prepare
rake tmp:cache:clear
# 清空tmp/cache目录下的所有文件
rake tmp:clear
# 清空session, cache, 和socket文件从tmp/目录
rake tmp:create
# 为sessions, cache, and sockets创建tmp/目录
rake tmp:sessions:clear
# 清空所有在tmp/sessions目录下的文件
rake tmp:sockets:clear
# 清空所有在tmp/sessions 目录下的ruby_sess.* 文件

1.4 Scripts
script/about
# 输出当前环境信息
script/breakpointer
# 启动断点server
script/console
# 启动交换式的Rails控制台
script/destroy
# 删除通过generators创建的文件
script/generate
# -> generators
script/plugin
# -> Plugins
script/runner
# 执行一个任务在rails上下文中
script/server
# 启动开发模式服务器http://localhost:3000
//以下几个不知道怎么去使用
script/performance/profiler
script/performance/benchmarker
script/process/reaper
script/process/spawner

1.5 Generators
ruby script/generate model ModelName
ruby script/generate controller ListController show edit
ruby script/generate scaffold ModelName ControllerName
ruby script/generate migration AddNewTable
ruby script/generate plugin PluginName
ruby script/generate mailer Notification lost_password signup
ruby script/generate web_service ServiceName api_one api_two
ruby script/generate integration_test TestName
ruby script/generate session_migration
可选项:
-p, --pretend Run but do not make any changes.
-f, --force Overwrite files that already exist.
-s, --skip Skip files that already exist.
-q, --quiet Suppress normal output.
-t, --backtrace Debugging: show backtrace on errors.
-h, --help Show this help message.
-c, --svn Modify files with subversion. (Note: svn must be in path)

1.6 Plugins
script/plugin discover
# discover plugin repositories
script/plugin list
# list all available plugins
script/plugin install where
# install the a€wherea€? plugin
script/plugin install -x where
# install where plugin as SVN external
script/plugin install http://invisible.ch/projects/plugins/where
script/plugin update
# update installed plugins
script/plugin source
# add a source repository
script/plugin unsource
# removes a source repository
script/plugin sources
# lists source repositories  

原文链接： http://blog.csdn.net/shagoo/article/details/2096184