自定义Ubuntu Server 安装光盘(Ubuntu 12.10)

项目需要一张自定义的Ubuntu 安装光盘，要求尽可能简单配置，并安装好自定义的一些软件。

 

可以使用ISO MASTER 编辑光盘的ＩＳＯ文件

 

ISO Master:  http://www.littlesvr.ca/isomaster/

也可以使用apt-get install isomaster 来安装

 

Ubuntu的光盘自定义主要由preseed 文件实现. 

 

下面这个样例是其主要配置，采用以下默认配置，即可实现光盘的一键安装.（语言选择、ＩＰ配置，自动分区、安装软件集，安装自定义软件包，执行安装后脚本）可以通过最后的smart_vm.sh脚本

在系统中做更多配置.

 

preseed 文件位于ISO/preseed目录下面 

 

#### Contents of the preconfiguration file (for &releasename;)

d-idebian-installer/quietboolean true

d-idebian-installer/splashboolean true

### Localization

# Locale sets language and country.

d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US

d-i debian-installer/language string en

d-i debian-installer/country string ZH

d-i debian-installer/locale string en_GB.UTF-8

# Optionally specify additional locales to be generated.

#d-i localechooser/supported-locales en_US.UTF-8, nl_NL.UTF-8

 

# Keyboard selection.

# Disable automatic (interactive) keymap detection.

d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false

#d-i console-setup/modelcode string pc105

d-i console-setup/layoutcode string us

# To select a variant of the selected layout (if you leave this out, the

# basic form of the layout will be used):

#d-i console-setup/variantcode string dvorak

 

### Network configuration

# Disable network configuration entirely. This is useful for cdrom

# installations on non-networked devices where the network questions,

# warning and long timeouts are a nuisance.

#d-i netcfg/enable boolean false

 

# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it

# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.

d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto

 

# To pick a particular interface instead:

#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1

 

# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for

# it, this might be useful.

#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60

 

# If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and

# the static network configuration below.

d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true

 

# If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and

# without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network

# configuration below.

d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note

d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually

 

# Static network configuration.

d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.10.1

d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.10.192

d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0

d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.10.1

d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true

 

# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over

# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions

# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.

d-i netcfg/get_hostname string smartvm-server

d-i netcfg/get_domain string 8.8.8.8

 

# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.

#d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string

# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.

#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish

 

# If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can

# configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or

# change to false to disable asking.

#d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true

 

### Network console

# Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console

# component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you

# intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.

#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console

#d-i network-console/password password r00tme

#d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme

# Use this instead if you prefer to use key-based authentication

#d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url http://host/authorized_keys

 

### Mirror settings

# If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.

#d-i mirror/protocol string ftp

#d-i mirror/country string manual

#d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org

#d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu

#d-i mirror/http/proxy string

 

# Alternatively: by default, the installer uses CC.archive.ubuntu.com where

# CC is the ISO-3166-2 code for the selected country. You can preseed this

# so that it does so without asking.

#d-i mirror/http/mirror select CC.archive.ubuntu.com

 

# Suite to install.

#d-i mirror/suite string &releasename;

# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional).

#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string &releasename;

# Components to use for loading installer components (optional).

#d-i mirror/udeb/components multiselect main, restricted

 

### Clock and time zone setup

# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.

d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true

 

# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of

# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.

d-i time/zone string Asia/HongKong

 

# Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install

d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean false

# NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.

#d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com

 

### Partitioning

# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.

# Alternatives: custom, some_device, some_device_crypto, some_device_lvm.

#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free

 

# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name must

# be given in traditional non-devfs format.

# Note: A disk must be specified, unless the system has only one disk.

# For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:

#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda

# In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.

# The presently available methods are: "regular", "lvm" and "crypto"

d-i partman-auto/method string lvm

 

# If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned

# contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a

# warning. This can be preseeded away...

d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true

# The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:

d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true

# And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.

d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

 

# For LVM partitioning, you can select how much of the volume group to use

# for logical volumes.

d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max

#d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string 10GB

#d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string 50%

 

# You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:

# - atomic: all files in one partition

# - home:   separate /home partition

# - multi:  separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions

d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic

 

# Or provide a recipe of your own...

# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt.

# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can

# just point at it.

#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe

 

# If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in one

# (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable

# swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:

#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string                        

#      boot-root ::                                            

#              40 50 100 ext3                                  

#                      $primary{ } $bootable{ }                

#                      method{ format } format{ }              

#                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }    

#                      mountpoint{ /boot }                    

#              .                                              

#              500 10000 1000000000 ext3                      

#                      method{ format } format{ }              

#                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }    

#                      mountpoint{ / }                        

#              .                                              

#              64 512 300% linux-swap                          

#                      method{ swap } format{ }                

#              .

 

# If you just want to change the default filesystem from ext3 to something

# else, you can do that without providing a full recipe.

d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4

 

# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided

# that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.

d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true

d-i partman/choose_partition select finish

d-i partman/confirm boolean true

d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

 

### Controlling how partitions are mounted

# The default is to mount by UUID, but you can also choose "traditional" to

# use traditional device names, or "label" to try filesystem labels before

# falling back to UUIDs.

#d-i partman/mount_style select uuid

 

### Base system installation

# The kernel image (meta) package to be installed; "none" can be used if no

# kernel is to be installed.

d-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-generic

 

### Account setup

# Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to

# use sudo). The default is false; preseed this to true if you want to set

# a root password.

d-i passwd/root-login boolean true

# Alternatively, to skip creation of a normal user account.

d-i passwd/make-user boolean true

 

# Root password, either in clear text

d-i passwd/root-password password password

d-i passwd/root-password-again password password

# or encrypted using an MD5 hash.

#d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password [MD5 hash]

 

# To create a normal user account.

d-i passwd/user-fullname string smartuser User

d-i passwd/username string smartuser

# Normal user's password, either in clear text

d-i passwd/user-password password password

d-i passwd/user-password-again password password

# or encrypted using an MD5 hash.

#d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [MD5 hash]

# Create the first user with the specified UID instead of the default.

#d-i passwd/user-uid string 1010

# The installer will warn about weak passwords. If you are sure you know

# what you're doing and want to override it, uncomment this.

d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true

 

# The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To

# override that, use this.

d-i passwd/user-default-groups string cdrom root

 

# Set to true if you want to encrypt the first user's home directory.

d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false

 

### Apt setup

# You can choose to install restricted and universe software, or to install

# software from the backports repository.

d-i apt-setup/restricted boolean true

d-i apt-setup/universe boolean true

#d-i apt-setup/backports boolean true

# Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.

d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false

# Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.

# Values shown below are the normal defaults.

#d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security

#d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.ubuntu.com

#d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu

 

# Additional repositories, local[0-9] available

#d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string

#       http://local.server/ubuntu &releasename; main

#d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server

# Enable deb-src lines

#d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true

# URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or

# apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the

# sources.list line will be left commented out

#d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key

 

# By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated

# using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that

# authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.

#d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated string true

 

### Package selection

#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect ubuntu-desktop

#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect lamp-server, print-server

#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect kubuntu-desktop

# Install the Ubuntu Server seed.

taskseltasksel/force-tasks string server,lamp-server,virt-host,openssh-server,samba-server

 

# Individual additional packages to install

d-i pkgsel/include string vim,nfs-common,nfs-kernel-server

# Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.

# Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade

#d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none

 

# Language pack selection

#d-i pkgsel/language-packs multiselect de, en, zh

 

# Policy for applying updates. May be "none" (no automatic updates),

# "unattended-upgrades" (install security updates automatically), or

# "landscape" (manage system with Landscape).

#d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none

 

# Some versions of the installer can report back on what software you have

# installed, and what software you use. The default is not to report back,

# but sending reports helps the project determine what software is most

# popular and include it on CDs.

popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean true

 

# By default, the system's locate database will be updated after the

# installer has finished installing most packages. This may take a while, so

# if you don't want it, you can set this to "false" to turn it off.

d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true

 

### Boot loader installation

# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed

# instead, uncomment this:

#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true

# To also skip installing lilo, and install no bootloader, uncomment this

# too:

#d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true

 

# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR

# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.

d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true

 

# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if it also finds some other

# OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.

d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true

 

# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,

# uncomment and edit these lines:

#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false

#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false

#d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,0)

# To install grub to multiple disks:

#d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,0) (hd1,0) (hd2,0)

 

# Optional password for grub, either in clear text

#d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme

#d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme

# or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).

#d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]

 

### Finishing up the installation

# During installations from serial console, the regular virtual consoles

# (VT1-VT6) are normally disabled in /etc/inittab. Uncomment the next

# line to prevent this.

#d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true

 

# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.

d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note

 

# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot,

# which is useful in some situations.

d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true

 

# This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not

# reboot into the installed system.

#d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true

# This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.

#d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true

 

### X configuration

# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding,

# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places.

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/device/driver select vesa

 

# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it

# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of

# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected.

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/autodetect_mouse boolean true

 

# Monitor autodetection is recommended.

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/autodetect_monitor boolean true

# Uncomment if you have an LCD display.

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/lcd boolean true

# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed

# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not

# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions.

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/selection-method select medium

#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/mode-list select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz

 

### Preseeding other packages

# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong

# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may

# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every

# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an

# installation, and then run these commands:

#   debconf-get-selections --installer > file

#   debconf-get-selections >> file

 

#### Advanced options

### Running custom commands during the installation

# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks

# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a

# preconfiguration file like this one. Only use preconfiguration files from

# trusted locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful,

# here's a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,

# automatically.

 

# This first command is run as early as possible, just after

# preseeding is read.

#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb

 

# This command is run immediately before the partitioner starts. It may be

# useful to apply dynamic partitioner preseeding that depends on the state

# of the disks (which may not be visible when preseed/early_command runs).

#d-i partman/early_command string debconf-set partman-auto/disk "$(list-devices disk | head -n1)"

 

# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is

# still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it

# directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install

# packages and run commands in the target system.

#d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install zsh; in-target chsh -s /bin/zsh

d-i preseed/late_command string cp -R /cdrom/install/archives /target/var/cache/apt/; cp -R /cdrom/install/smartvm /target/var/; chroot /target chmod +x /var/smartvm/smart_vm.sh; chroot /target bash /var/smartvm/smart_vm.sh

 

还有一些通常需要修改的文件位置ISO/isolinux目录下：

 

1. back.jpg ,这个文件是光盘启动时的背景图片文件，尺寸最好小于200k，太大不会显示。

2.gfxboot.cfg 这个文件可能定义引导界面的文字颜色等信息

foreground=0xFFFFFF

background=0x00aeef

screen-colour=0x005aab

 

3. isolinux.cfg 这个即是引导的主要文件，它一般会包含几个子文件，修改最好在相关子文件中进行

# D-I config version 2.0

include menu.cfg

default vesamenu.c32

prompt 0

timeout 0

ui gfxboot bootlogo

 

4. txt.cfg  此文件定义光盘引导时的安装项目列表,其中有一些项目可以配置，

default install

label install

  menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server 12.10

  kernel /install/vmlinuz

  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed vga=normal fb=false netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true initrd=/install/initrd.gz debian-installer/locale=en_US console-setup/layoutcode=us DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text DEBCONF_PRIORITY=critical debconf/priority=critical quiet --

 

label hd

  menu label ^Boot from first hard disk

  localboot 0x80

 

其实以上信息的配置说明在ISO/doc/manual目录都有说明。对于通常简的定制是足够了。