注意:这里只是分析spring事务的实现方式。也就是spring的事务管理是怎么发生作用的,而不分析具体的实现细节(细节将在下一篇里面分析).
紧接着上一篇提到的,Spring是通过NameSpaceHandler来解析配置文件中的标签的。下面就已事务的配置为例,讲述一下
事务配置的标签的解析过程,从来理解事物是如何通过aop产生作用的。
<!-- 以AspectJ方式 定义 AOP --> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* commo.base.BaseManager.*(..))" advice-ref="txAdvice"/> <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.*..*.service.*Manager.*(..))" advice-ref="txAdvice"/> </aop:config> <!-- 基本事务定义,使用transactionManager作事务管理,默认get* find*方法的事务为readonly,其余方法按默认设置. 默认的设置请参考Spring文档事务一章. --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" read-only="false"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice>
以上的配置相信很多人已经很熟悉了,在此不赘述。而是具体分析一下原理。
先来分析<tx:advice>...</tx:advice>。
tx是TransactionNameSpace。对应的是handler是TxNamespaceHandler.
这个类一个init方法:
public void init() { registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser()); registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser()); registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser()); }
这个方法是在DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver的resolve中调用的。在为对应的标签寻找namespacehandler的时候,调用这个resolve方法。resolve方法先寻找namespaceUri对应的namespacehandler,如果找到了就先调用Init方法。
OK.我们的<tx:advice>对应的解析器也注册了,那就是上面代码里面的
new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser()
那么,这个解析器是什么时候调用的哪?
上一篇提到了,对应标签解析时会先选择namespacehandler,然后调用其parse方法。
TxNamespaceHandler的parse方法在其父类NamespaceHandlerSupport中,代码如下:
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) { return findParserForElement(element, parserContext).parse(element, parserContext); }
这下明白了吧?<tx:advice>在解析出来的Document里面是一个Element,而这个Element的parse就是上面注册了的
TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser
现在这个parser的parse方法在NamespaceHandlerSupport的parse方法中被调用了,下面我们来看看这个
TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法吧,这个方法在TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser的祖父类AbstractBeanDefinitionParser中:
public final BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) { AbstractBeanDefinition definition = parseInternal(element, parserContext); if (definition != null && !parserContext.isNested()) { try { String id = resolveId(element, definition, parserContext); if (!StringUtils.hasText(id)) { parserContext.getReaderContext().error( "Id is required for element '" + parserContext.getDelegate().getLocalName(element) + "' when used as a top-level tag", element); } String[] aliases = new String[0]; String name = element.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE); if (StringUtils.hasLength(name)) { aliases = StringUtils.trimArrayElements(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(name)); } BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(definition, id, aliases); registerBeanDefinition(holder, parserContext.getRegistry()); if (shouldFireEvents()) { BeanComponentDefinition componentDefinition = new BeanComponentDefinition(holder); postProcessComponentDefinition(componentDefinition); parserContext.registerComponent(componentDefinition); } } catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) { parserContext.getReaderContext().error(ex.getMessage(), element); return null; } } return definition; }
注意其中这样一行:
AbstractBeanDefinition definition = parseInternal(element, parserContext);
这个parseInternal是在TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser的父类AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser中实现的,代码如下:
@Override protected final AbstractBeanDefinition parseInternal(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) { BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(); String parentName = getParentName(element); if (parentName != null) { builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setParentName(parentName); } Class beanClass = getBeanClass(element); if (beanClass != null) { builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setBeanClass(beanClass); } else { String beanClassName = getBeanClassName(element); if (beanClassName != null) { builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setBeanClassName(beanClassName); } } builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setSource(parserContext.extractSource(element)); if (parserContext.isNested()) { // Inner bean definition must receive same scope as containing bean. builder.setScope(parserContext.getContainingBeanDefinition().getScope()); } if (parserContext.isDefaultLazyInit()) { // Default-lazy-init applies to custom bean definitions as well. builder.setLazyInit(true); } doParse(element, parserContext, builder); return builder.getBeanDefinition(); }
其中有一行:
Class beanClass = getBeanClass(element);
getBeanClass是在TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser中实现的,很简单:
@Override protected Class getBeanClass(Element element) { return TransactionInterceptor.class; }
至此,这个标签解析的流程已经基本清晰了。那就是:解析除了一个以TransactionInerceptor为classname的beandefinition并且注册这个bean。剩下来要看的,就是这个TranscationInterceptor到底是什么?
看看这个类的接口定义,就明白了:
public class TransactionInterceptor extends TransactionAspectSupport implements MethodInterceptor, Serializable
这根本就是一个spring AOP的advice嘛!现在明白为什么事务的配置能通过aop产生作用了吧?
下面具体看看这个advice的advice:
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable { // Work out the target class: may be <code>null</code>. // The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class // as well as the method, which may be from an interface. Class targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? invocation.getThis().getClass() : null); // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional. final TransactionAttribute txAttr = getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass); final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr); final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(invocation.getMethod()); if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) { // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls. TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification); Object retVal = null; try { // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain. // This will normally result in a target object being invoked. retVal = invocation.proceed(); } catch (Throwable ex) { // target invocation exception completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex); throw ex; } finally { cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo); } commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo); return retVal; } else { // It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in. try { Object result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) tm).execute(txAttr, new TransactionCallback<Object>() { public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) { TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status); try { return invocation.proceed(); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (txAttr.rollbackOn(ex)) { // A RuntimeException: will lead to a rollback. if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) ex; } else { throw new ThrowableHolderException(ex); } } else { // A normal return value: will lead to a commit. return new ThrowableHolder(ex); } } finally { cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo); } } }); // Check result: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow. if (result instanceof ThrowableHolder) { throw ((ThrowableHolder) result).getThrowable(); } else { return result; } } catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) { throw ex.getCause(); } } }
哦,原来就是在这里控制了method invocation(spring aop是基于method的)!根据我们的配置,来决定
是不是对method使用事务。
至此,spring的事务管理已经基本清晰了。就是解析出一个advice bean(of class : TransactionInterceptor)来,
然后在aop中配置pointcut和这个advice,就能产生作用了!
当然,这里没有分析事物控制的细节以及spring aop的原理,这些在接下来的章节里面会慢慢补全~