安全网络通信——SSL.

  我们需要构建一个由CA机构签发的有效证书，这里我们使用上文中生成的自签名证书zlex.cer

    这里，我们将证书导入到我们的密钥库。

    Shell代码

    keytool -import -alias www.zlex.org -file d：/zlex.cer -keystore d：/zlex.keystore

    其中

    -import表示导入

    -alias指定别名，这里是www.zlex.org

    -file指定算法，这里是d：/zlex.cer

    -keystore指定存储位置，这里是d：/zlex.keystore

    在这里我使用的密码为654321

    控制台输出：

    Console代码

输入keystore密码： 再次输入新密码: 所有者:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN 签发人:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN 序列号:4a1e48df 有效期: Thu May 28 16:18:39 CST 2009 至Wed Aug 26 16:18:39 CST 2009 证书指纹:          MD5:19:CA:E6:36:E2:DF:AD:96:31:97:2F:A9:AD:FC:37:6A          SHA1:49:88:30:59:29:45:F1:69:CA:97:A9:6D:8A:CF:08:D2:C3:D5:C0:C4          签名算法名称:SHA1withRSA          版本: 3 信任这个认证？ [否]：  y 认证已添加至keystore中

 

    OK，最复杂的准备工作已经完成。

    接下来我们将域名www.zlex.org定位到本机上。打开C：\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件，将www.zlex.org绑定在本机上。在文件末尾追加127.0.0.1       www.zlex.org.现在通过地址栏访问http://www.zlex.org，或者通过ping命令，如果能够定位到本机，域名映射就搞定了。

    现在，配置tomcat.先将zlex.keystore拷贝到tomcat的conf目录下，然后配置server.xml.将如下内容加入配置文件

    Xml代码

<Connector     SSLEnabled="true"     URIEncoding="UTF-8"     clientAuth="false"     keystoreFile="conf/zlex.keystore"     keystorePass="123456"     maxThreads="150"     port="443"     protocol="HTTP/1.1"     scheme="https"     secure="true"     sslProtocol="TLS" />

 

    注意clientAuth="false"测试阶段，置为false，正式使用时建议使用true.现在启动tomcat，访问https://www.zlex.org/.

 

    显然，证书未能通过认证，这个时候你可以选择安装证书（上文中的zlex.cer文件就是证书），作为受信任的根证书颁发机构导入，再次重启浏览器（IE，其他浏览器对于域名www.zlex.org不支持本地方式访问），访问https://www.zlex.org/，你会看到地址栏中会有个小锁，就说明安装成功。所有的浏览器联网操作已经在RSA加密解密系统的保护之下了。但似乎我们感受不到。

    这个时候很多人开始怀疑，如果我们要手工做一个这样的https的访问是不是需要把浏览器的这些个功能都实现呢？不需要！

  接着上篇内容，给出如下代码实现：

    Java代码

import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.security.Signature; import java.security.cert.Certificate; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.util.Date; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; /**  * 证书组件  *  * @author 梁栋  * @version 1.0  * @since 1.0  */ public abstract class CertificateCoder extends Coder {     /**      * Java密钥库(Java Key Store，JKS)KEY_STORE      */     public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS";     public static final String X509 = "X.509";     public static final String SunX509 = "SunX509";     public static final String SSL = "SSL";     /**      * 由KeyStore获得私钥      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias,             String password) throws Exception {         KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);         PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray());         return key;     }     /**      * 由Certificate获得公钥      *      * @param certificatePath      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath)             throws Exception {         Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);         PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey();         return key;     }     /**      * 获得Certificate      *      * @param certificatePath      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath)             throws Exception {         CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory                 .getInstance(X509);         FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath);         Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in);         in.close();         return certificate;     }     /**      * 获得Certificate      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath,             String alias, String password) throws Exception {         KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);         Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias);         return certificate;     }     /**      * 获得KeyStore      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param password      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)             throws Exception {         FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);         KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE);         ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());         is.close();         return ks;     }     /**      * 私钥加密      *      * @param data      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,             String alias, String password) throws Exception {         // 取得私钥         PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);         // 对数据加密         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());         cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);         return cipher.doFinal(data);     }     /**      * 私钥解密      *      * @param data      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,             String alias, String password) throws Exception {         // 取得私钥         PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);         // 对数据加密         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);         return cipher.doFinal(data);     }     /**      * 公钥加密      *      * @param data      * @param certificatePath      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)             throws Exception {         // 取得公钥         PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);         // 对数据加密         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());         cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);         return cipher.doFinal(data);     }     /**      * 公钥解密      *      * @param data      * @param certificatePath      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)             throws Exception {         // 取得公钥         PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);         // 对数据加密         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);         return cipher.doFinal(data);     }     /**      * 验证Certificate      *      * @param certificatePath      * @return      */     public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) {         return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath);     }     /**      * 验证Certificate是否过期或无效      *      * @param date      * @param certificatePath      * @return      */     public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) {         boolean status = true;         try {             // 取得证书             Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);             // 验证证书是否过期或无效             status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);         } catch (Exception e) {             status = false;         }         return status;     }     /**      * 验证证书是否过期或无效      *      * @param date      * @param certificate      * @return      */     private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) {         boolean status = true;         try {             X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate;             x509Certificate.checkValidity(date);         } catch (Exception e) {             status = false;         }         return status;     }     /**      * 签名      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      *      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static String sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias,             String password) throws Exception {         // 获得证书         X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(                 keyStorePath, alias, password);         // 获取私钥         KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);         // 取得私钥         PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password                 .toCharArray());         // 构建签名         Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate                 .getSigAlgName());         signature.initSign(privateKey);         signature.update(sign);         return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());     }     /**      * 验证签名      *      * @param data      * @param sign      * @param certificatePath      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String sign,             String certificatePath) throws Exception {         // 获得证书         X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath);         // 获得公钥         PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey();         // 构建签名         Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate                 .getSigAlgName());         signature.initVerify(publicKey);         signature.update(data);         return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));     }     /**      * 验证Certificate      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      */     public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath,             String alias, String password) {         boolean status = true;         try {             Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath, alias,                     password);             status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);         } catch (Exception e) {             status = false;         }         return status;     }     /**      * 验证Certificate      *      * @param keyStorePath      * @param alias      * @param password      * @return      */     public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias,             String password) {         return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, alias, password);     }     /**      * 获得SSLSocektFactory      *      * @param password      *            密码      * @param keyStorePath      *            密钥库路径      *      * @param trustKeyStorePath      *            信任库路径      * @return      * @throws Exception      */     private static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory(String password,             String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath) throws Exception {         // 初始化密钥库         KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory                 .getInstance(SunX509);         KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);         keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password.toCharArray());         // 初始化信任库         TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory                 .getInstance(SunX509);         KeyStore trustkeyStore = getKeyStore(trustKeyStorePath, password);         trustManagerFactory.init(trustkeyStore);         // 初始化SSL上下文         SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(SSL);         ctx.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), trustManagerFactory                 .getTrustManagers(), null);         SSLSocketFactory sf = ctx.getSocketFactory();         return sf;     }     /**      * 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory      *      * @param conn      *            HttpsURLConnection      * @param password      *            密码      * @param keyStorePath      *            密钥库路径      *      * @param trustKeyStorePath      *            信任库路径      * @throws Exception      */     public static void configSSLSocketFactory(HttpsURLConnection conn,             String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath)             throws Exception {         conn.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLSocketFactory(password, keyStorePath,                 trustKeyStorePath));     } }

 

    增加了configSSLSocketFactory方法供外界调用，该方法为HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory.当HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory后，我们就可以通过HttpsURLConnection的getInputStream、getOutputStream，像往常使用HttpURLConnection做操作了。尤其要说明一点，未配置SSLSocketFactory前，HttpsURLConnection的getContentLength（）获得值永远都是-1.

给出相应测试类：

    Java代码

import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import org.junit.Test; /**  *  * @author 梁栋  * @version 1.0  * @since 1.0  */ public class CertificateCoderTest {     private String password = "123456";     private String alias = "www.zlex.org";     private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer";     private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore";     private String clientKeyStorePath = "d:/zlex-client.keystore";     private String clientPassword = "654321";     @Test     public void test() throws Exception {         System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");         String inputStr = "Ceritifcate";         byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();         byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data,                 certificatePath);         byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt,                 keyStorePath, alias, password);         String outputStr = new String(decrypt);         System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);         // 验证数据一致         assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt);         // 验证证书有效         assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath));     }     @Test     public void testSign() throws Exception {         System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");         String inputStr = "sign";         byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();         byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data,                 keyStorePath, alias, password);         byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData,                 certificatePath);         String outputStr = new String(decodedData);         System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);         assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);         System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");         // 产生签名         String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias,                 password);         System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);         // 验证签名         boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign,                 certificatePath);         System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);         assertTrue(status);     }     @Test     public void testHttps() throws Exception {         URL url = new URL("https://www.zlex.org/examples/");         HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();         conn.setDoInput(true);         conn.setDoOutput(true);         CertificateCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, clientPassword,                 clientKeyStorePath, clientKeyStorePath);         InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();         int length = conn.getContentLength();         DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is);         byte[] data = new byte[length];         dis.readFully(data);         dis.close();         System.err.println(new String(data));         conn.disconnect();     } }

 

    注意testHttps方法，几乎和我们往常做HTTP访问没有差别，我们来看控制台输出：

    Console代码

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    通过浏览器直接访问https://www.zlex.org/examples/你也会获得上述内容。也就是说应用甲方作为服务器构建tomcat服务，乙方可以通过上述方式访问甲方受保护的SSL应用，并且不需要考虑具体的加密解密问题。甲乙双方可以经过相应配置，通过双方的tomcat配置有效的SSL服务，简化上述代码实现，完全通过证书配置完成SSL双向认证！