Java 1.5新特性Enum列举的用法

Enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中。熟悉C, C++, C#, 或 Pascal人应该对列举有所了解,先看个例子:

  public enum Season { winter, spring, summer, fall }

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  一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员。它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值。在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,如 :

  public interface Season {

  static winter = 0;

  static spring = 1; //etc……

  }

  引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象。enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增。看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子:

  EnumDemo.java

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  We can loop over the values we put into the enum

  using the values() method.

  Note that the enum Seasons is compiled into a

  separate unit, called EnumDemo$Seasons.class

  */

  public class EnumDemo {

  /*declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in C#, we don't use a ; to

  end this statement and we use commas to separate the values */

  private enum Seasons { winter, spring,

  summer, fall }

  //list the values

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  for (Seasons s : Seasons.values()){

  System.out.println(s);

  }

  }

  }运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果:

  winter

  spring

  summer

  fall

Enum的属性调用:

  下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法:

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  File: EnumSwitch.java

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  Purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum.

  */

  public class EnumSwitch {

  private enum Color { red, blue, green }

  //list the values

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  //refer to the qualified value

  doIt(Color.red);

  }

  /*note that you switch against the UNQUALIFIED name. that is, "case Color.red:" is a

  compiler error */

  private static void doIt(Color c){

  switch (c) {

  case red:

  System.out.println("value is " + Color.red);

  break;

  case green:

  System.out.println("value is " + Color.green);

  break;

  case blue:

  System.out.println("value is : " + Color.blue);

  break;

  default :

  System.out.println("default");

  }

  }

为enums添加属性和方法

  enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样。

  package net.javagarage.enums;

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  /*

  File: EnumDemo.java

  Purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods

  */

  public class EnumWithMethods {

  //declare the enum and add values to it.

  public enum Season {

  winter, spring, summer, fall;

  private final static String location = "Phoenix";

  public static Season getBest(){

  if (location.equals("Phoenix"))

  return winter;

  else

  return summer;

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  System.out.println(Season.getBest());

  }

  }

  就是这么的简单。但是有一点是需要注意的,那就是enums的值列表必须紧跟在enum声明,不然编译时将会出错。

 Enums构造函数:

  和类一样enums也可以有自己的构造函数,如下:

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  public class EnumConstructor {

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  public static void main(String[] a) {

  //call our enum using the values method

  for (Temp t : Temp.values())

  System.out.println(t + " is : " + t.getValue());

  }

  //make the enum

  public enum Temp {

  absoluteZero(-459), freezing(32),

  boiling(212), paperBurns(451);

  //constructor here

  Temp(int value) {

  this.value = value;

  }

  //regular field?but make it final,

  //since that is the point, to make constants

  private final int value;

  //regular get method

  public int getValue() {

  return value;

  }

  }

  }输出结果是:

  absoluteZero is : -459

  freezing is : 32

  boiling is : 212

  paperBurns is : 451

  尽管enums有这么多的属性,但并不是用的越多越好,如果那样还不如直接用类来的直接。enums的优势在定义int最终变量仅当这些值有一定特殊含义时。但是如果你需要的是一个类,就定义一个类,而不是enum.

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