文本处理学习笔记3

环境情况如下:
    python-2.5.2

python独立运行的程序中经常用到的是参数的解析,
下面使用locals()字典将输入的参数作为变量注入

paramTest.py
# coding:gbk

import os
import sys
import time

"""
python "paramTest.py" -server "127.0.0.1" -port "21" -username "corba" -password "corba" -startTime "2012-12-31 01:30:00" -endTime "2012-12-31 02:00:00" -outputDir "D:\Downloads" 
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
    key = None
    for i in sys.argv:
        if i.startswith("-"):
            key = i[1:]
        elif key and not locals().has_key(key):
            locals()[key] = i

    print "server    ", server    
    print "port      ", port      
    print "username  ", username  
    print "password  ", password  
    print "startTime ", startTime 
    print "endTime   ", endTime   
    print "outputDir ", outputDir 
    print


运行命令:
python "paramTest.py" -server "127.0.0.1" -port "21" -username "corba" -password "corba" -startTime "2012-12-31 01:30:00" -endTime "2012-12-31 02:00:00" -outputDir "D:\Downloads"
这一命令共注入server port username password startTime endTime outputDir
七个参数,如paramTest.py中所示,几个参数都作为变量注入到程序之中。

下面使用参数注入的技巧写一个对文本文件更改编码的程序:

fileBrowserDecodeEncode.py
# coding:gbk

import os
import sys
import time

"""
python fileBrowserDecodeEncode.py -inputDir D:\Flex\HelloFlex -outputDir D:\Flex\HelloFlex2 -fileExt .html;.xml;.mxml;.as -dec GBK -enc UTF-8
"""
def changeCode(inputDir, outputDir, fileExt=".txt;.log", dec="GBK", enc="UTF-8"):
    all_exts = fileExt.split(";")
    for path, dirs, files in os.walk(inputDir):
        for f in files:
            currname, currext = os.path.splitext(f)
            if currext not in all_exts:
                continue
            iabsfile = path + os.sep + f
            oabspath = path.replace(inputDir, outputDir)
            oabsfile = oabspath + os.sep + f
            print oabsfile
            if not os.path.exists(oabspath):
                os.makedirs(oabspath)

            ifile = file(iabsfile, "r")
            tdata = ifile.read()
            ifile.close()
            tdata = tdata.decode(dec)
            tdata = tdata.encode(enc)
            ofile = file(oabsfile, "w")
            ofile.write(tdata)
            ofile.close()

if __name__=="__main__":
    key = None
    for i in sys.argv:
        if i.startswith("-"):
            key = i[1:]
        elif key and not locals().has_key(key):
            locals()[key] = i

    print
    if not locals().has_key("fileExt"):
        fileExt=".txt;.log"
    if not locals().has_key("dec"):
        dec="GBK"
    if not locals().has_key("enc"):
        enc="UTF-8"
    changeCode(inputDir, outputDir, fileExt, dec, enc)
    print


运行命令:
python fileBrowserDecodeEncode.py -inputDir D:\Flex\HelloFlex -outputDir D:\Flex\HelloFlex2 -fileExt .html;.xml;.mxml;.as -dec GBK -enc UTF-8
即可将 D:\Flex\HelloFlex 中的文件从 GBK 转换成 UTF-8 到 D:\Flex\HelloFlex2 目录,
只转换其中的 html、xml、mxml、as 文件,过滤了其他文件,
若不指定fileExt,默认转换txt和log文件;
若不指定dec,默认使用GBK读入;
若不指定enc,默认使用UTF-8输出。
python 参数 注入 编码 转换

比较有趣的调用:
def ppt(ip, port):
    print ip, port

args1 = ("127.0.0.1", 21)
args2 = {"ip":"127.0.0.1","port":21}

ppt(*args1)
ppt(**args2)

两种方式都能自动把 ip port 参数给注入了,有意思
据说是用来替换apply的。

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