JUnit4.1源代码分析

用JUnit4进行测试有两种方式分别是:

  (1)、命令行方式:java org.junit.runner.JUnitCore [java class...];

  (2)、程序方式:直接调用org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.runClass(Class<?>...clazz)方法;

这两种测试的方法,最终调用的是同一个执行体。先看第一种测试方法:在JUnitCore这个类中,我们可以发现它有一个main方法:

1 public static void main(String... args) {
2     runMainAndExit(new RealSystem(), args);
3 }

这就是命令行方式执行的入口,JUnitCore.runMain()方法

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 1 public Result runMain(JUnitSystem system, String... args) {
 2         system.out().println("JUnit version " + Version.id());
 3         List<Class<?>> classes= new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
 4         List<Failure> missingClasses= new ArrayList<Failure>();
 5         for (String each : args)
 6             try {
 7                 classes.add(Class.forName(each));
 8             } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
 9                 system.out().println("Could not find class: " + each);
10                 Description description= Description.createSuiteDescription(each);
11                 Failure failure= new Failure(description, e);
12                 missingClasses.add(failure);
13             }
14         RunListener listener= new TextListener(system);
15         addListener(listener);
16         Result result= run(classes.toArray(new Class[0]));
17         for (Failure each : missingClasses)
18             result.getFailures().add(each);
19         return result;
20     }
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在上面这个方法中,主要是构造一个存储Class<?>类型的List,以供JUnitCore.run(Class<?>...clazz);来执行。

再看第二种执行方式,调用的是JUnitCore.runClass(Class<?>... classes),

1     public static Result runClasses(Class<?>... classes) {
2         return new JUnitCore().run(defaultComputer(), classes);
3     }

在这个方法里面,会构造一个默认的Computer(这个后面会解释它的用处),紧接着就调用了JUnitCore的另外一个重载的run()方法

1   public Result run(Computer computer, Class<?>... classes) {
2         return run(Request.classes(computer, classes));
3    }

该方法会构造一个封装了Runner的Request,然后继续调用JUnitCore的run方法:

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 1 public Result run(Runner runner) {
 2         Result result= new Result();
 3         RunListener listener= result.createListener();
 4         fNotifier.addFirstListener(listener);
 5         try {
 6             fNotifier.fireTestRunStarted(runner.getDescription());
 7             runner.run(fNotifier);
 8             fNotifier.fireTestRunFinished(result);
 9         } finally {
10             removeListener(listener);
11         }
12         return result;
13     }
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该方法才是真正的开始执行Test,首先会构造一个Result的对象,顾名思义就知道它是记录运行时的状态,

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 1 public class Result implements Serializable {
 2     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 3     private AtomicInteger fCount = new AtomicInteger();
 4     private AtomicInteger fIgnoreCount= new AtomicInteger();
 5     private final List<Failure> fFailures= Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Failure>());
 6     private long fRunTime= 0;
 7     private long fStartTime;
 8     //.......
 9     private class Listener extends RunListener {
10     //.......
11     }
12 }
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包括:所运行Test的数量,所忽略Test的数量,开始运行的时间,总运行时间,运行期间出现错误的信息;它里面还包含一个私有内部类,该类的作用就是帮助Result记录状态的。最后会执行Runner的run方法。这时就真正开始执行Test了。

 

这篇主要讲下JUnit是如何构建、运行Runner 。

JUnit4中是通过Request.classes(Computer computer, Class<?>... classes)来构造Runner的

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 //org.junit.runner.Request
 1 public static Request classes(Computer computer, Class<?>... classes) {
 2         try {
 3             AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder builder= new AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder(true);
 4             Runner suite= computer.getSuite(builder, classes);
 5             return runner(suite);
 6         } catch (InitializationError e) {
 7             throw new RuntimeException(
 8                     "Bug in saff's brain: Suite constructor, called as above, should always complete");
 9         }
10     }
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       在上面这个方法中出现了一个重要的类,就是AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder,这个类就是用来选择RunerBuilder,继而选择Runner来执行Test。这个类中有一重要的方法runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass)(代码-1)

该方法用来确定选择RunerBuilder,继而选择Runner来执行Test。默认选择的是junit4Builder();(但是你可以自由选择和自己实现,可以用@RunWith Annotation来标注,这样就会选择annotatedBuilder()来作为RunnerBuilder.)。

在 选择好了RunnerBuilder后,接下就是要构建Runner了,这里是用Computer.getSuite()(代码-2)来获取Suite类型的 Runner(通过类层次关系,你会发现Suiter是继承自ParentRunner的,而ParentRunner是实现了Runner接口的)。

 

代码-1

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    //org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder
   public Runner runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable {
        List<RunnerBuilder> builders= Arrays.asList(
                ignoredBuilder(),
                annotatedBuilder(),
                suiteMethodBuilder(),
                junit3Builder(),
                junit4Builder());

        for (RunnerBuilder each : builders) {
            Runner runner= each.safeRunnerForClass(testClass);
            if (runner != null)
                return runner;
        }
        return null;
    }
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代码-2

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 //org.junit.runners.Computer
 1   public Runner getSuite(final RunnerBuilder builder,
 2             Class<?>[] classes) throws InitializationError {
 3         return new Suite(new RunnerBuilder() {
 4             @Override
 5             public Runner runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable {
 6                 return getRunner(builder, testClass);
 7             }
 8         }, classes);
 9     }
10 
11     /**
12      * Create a single-class runner for {@code testClass}, using {@code builder}
13      */
14     protected Runner getRunner(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable {
15         return builder.runnerForClass(testClass);
16     }
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在上面的执行体中,只是new 出一个Suite对象然后返回。在Suite构造函数中接收两个参数(RunnerBuilder,Class<?>[]);仔细研究这段代码,你会发现这个新new出来的RunnerBuilder(第3行)的功能其实就是传进来的builder(第一行),也就是AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder对象;这样执行RunnerBuilder.runnerForClass(),方法时就是执行AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass()方法。

 

再进入Suite的构造函数中,你会发现它调用了Runnerbuilder.runners方法,该方法的作用是获取suite的子集合。具体获取的实现就是调用AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(), 该方法默认会用JUnit4Builder();然后调用JUnit4Builder.runnerForClass();最后返回的是 BlockJUnit4ClassRunner对象,该对象和Suite是平级的也是继承自ParentRunner。(代码-3)演示了这个执行过程:

//org.junit.runners.Suite
1     public Suite(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?>[] classes) throws InitializationError {
2         this(null, builder.runners(null, classes));
3     }

 

代码-3

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 //org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder
 1   public List<Runner> runners(Class<?> parent, Class<?>[] children)
 2             throws InitializationError {
 3         addParent(parent);
 4 
 5         try {
 6             return runners(children);
 7         } finally {
 8             removeParent(parent);
 9         }
10     }
11   private List<Runner> runners(Class<?>[] children) {
12         ArrayList<Runner> runners= new ArrayList<Runner>();
13         for (Class<?> each : children) {
14             Runner childRunner= safeRunnerForClass(each);
15             if (childRunner != null)
16                 runners.add(childRunner);
17         }
18         return runners;
19     }
20 
21     public Runner safeRunnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) {
22         try {
23             return runnerForClass(testClass);
24         } catch (Throwable e) {
25             return new ErrorReportingRunner(testClass, e);
26         }
27     }
28   

    //org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder
29   @Override
30     public Runner runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable {
31         List<RunnerBuilder> builders= Arrays.asList(
32                 ignoredBuilder(),
33                 annotatedBuilder(),
34                 suiteMethodBuilder(),
35                 junit3Builder(),
36  junit4Builder());
37 
38         for (RunnerBuilder each : builders) {
39             Runner runner= each.safeRunnerForClass(testClass);
40             if (runner != null)
41                 return runner;
42         }
43         return null;
44     }

45   //org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder
46   protected JUnit4Builder junit4Builder() {
47         return new JUnit4Builder();
48     }
49   public Runner runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable {
50         return new BlockJUnit4ClassRunner(testClass);
51     }
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构造完上面的子集合以后,就进行到Suite的另外一个构造函数中

//org.junit.runners.Suite
1   protected Suite(Class<?> klass, List<Runner> runners) throws InitializationError {
2         super(klass);
3         fRunners = runners;
4     }

该构造函数中主要的功能就是调用父类的构造函数,在父类的构造函数中主要有以下功能:

1)、进行了部分方法的的验证,包括对BeforeClass和AfterClass所注解得方法进行了public static void 和无参数的判断和一些规则的判断。

2)、构造了一个TestClass(代码-4),这个类对Class对象进行了解析,把目标Class的方法和成员变量都解析出来了。并建立了一个从Annotation到方法和Annotation到成员变量的对应Map。

 

下面是ParentRunner的构造函数:

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//org.junit.runners.ParentRunner
1   protected ParentRunner(Class<?> testClass) throws InitializationError {
2         fTestClass= new TestClass(testClass);
3         validate();
4     }
1   private void validate() throws InitializationError {
2         List<Throwable> errors= new ArrayList<Throwable>();
3         collectInitializationErrors(errors);
4         if (!errors.isEmpty())
5             throw new InitializationError(errors);
6     }
1   protected void collectInitializationErrors(List<Throwable> errors) {
2         validatePublicVoidNoArgMethods(BeforeClass.class, true, errors);
3         validatePublicVoidNoArgMethods(AfterClass.class, true, errors);
4         validateClassRules(errors);
5     }
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代码-4

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//org.junit.runners.model.TestClass       
    //Annotation到方法的对应
 1    private Map<Class<?>, List<FrameworkMethod>> fMethodsForAnnotations= new HashMap<Class<?>, List<FrameworkMethod>>();
 2     //Annotation到成员变量的对应
 3     private Map<Class<?>, List<FrameworkField>> fFieldsForAnnotations= new HashMap<Class<?>, List<FrameworkField>>();
 4 
 5     public TestClass(Class<?> klass) {
 6         fClass= klass;
 7         if (klass != null && klass.getConstructors().length > 1)
 8             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 9                     "Test class can only have one constructor");
10 
11         for (Class<?> eachClass : getSuperClasses(fClass)) {
12             for (Method eachMethod : eachClass.getDeclaredMethods())
13                 addToAnnotationLists(new FrameworkMethod(eachMethod),
14                         fMethodsForAnnotations);
15             for (Field eachField : eachClass.getDeclaredFields())
16                 addToAnnotationLists(new FrameworkField(eachField),
17                         fFieldsForAnnotations);
18         }
19     }
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这样就成功构造了一个Runner对象(也就是Suite对象),接下了就是运行该Runner了。

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 1   public Result run(Runner runner) {
 2         Result result= new Result();
 3         RunListener listener= result.createListener();
 4         fNotifier.addFirstListener(listener);
 5         try {
 6             fNotifier.fireTestRunStarted(runner.getDescription());
 7             runner.run(fNotifier);
 8             fNotifier.fireTestRunFinished(result);
 9         } finally {
10             removeListener(listener);
11         }
12         return result;
13     }
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 上面这个方法就是负责启动执行Runner的,他调用Runner.run()方法。也就是ParentRunner(Suite继承自ParentRunner,而Sutie没有对run方法进行重载)的run()方法。

再跟进到ParentRunner.run()方法中,这个方法的功能有:

1、构造一个链式的Statement,分别是:

RunRules --> RunAfters(@AfterClass) -->RunBefores(@BeforeClass) -->

(RunRules--> RunAfters(@After) -->RunBefores(@Before)-->FailOnTimeout(@Test(timeout=?))-->ExpectException(@Test(expect=?))-->InvokeMethod(@Test)...)-->

....

(RunRules--> RunAfters(@After) -->RunBefores(@Before)-->FailOnTimeout(@Test(timeout=?))-->ExpectException(@Test(expect=?))-->InvokeMethod(@Test)...);

从这个链式的结构中可以看出,最先执行的是RunRules这个Statement,然后是RunAfter(这里不要有疑问为什么先执行RunAfter,进去看看实现吧(代码2.1会揭晓一切的))...;

2、记录错误信息,在run方法中会传递进来一个RunNotifier对象,在这里RunNotifier可以拥有多个RunListener。默认的情况下在JunitCore里的RunNotifier只包含Result.RunListener对象,这样就可以进行对Result的状态的改变从而记录运行结果信息,其实这就是典型的观察者模式。RunNotifier就是观察者,得到通知就通知其子集合区执行相应的操作。

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 1   @Override
 2     public void run(final RunNotifier notifier) {
 3         EachTestNotifier testNotifier= new EachTestNotifier(notifier,
 4                 getDescription());
 5         try {
 6             Statement statement= classBlock(notifier);
 7             statement.evaluate();
 8         } catch (AssumptionViolatedException e) {
 9             testNotifier.fireTestIgnored();
10         } catch (StoppedByUserException e) {
11             throw e;
12         } catch (Throwable e) {
13             e.printStackTrace();
14             testNotifier.addFailure(e);
15         }
16     }
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1   protected Statement classBlock(final RunNotifier notifier) {
2         Statement statement= childrenInvoker(notifier);
3         statement= withBeforeClasses(statement);
4         statement= withAfterClasses(statement);
5         statement= withClassRules(statement);
6         return statement;
7     }
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 代码-2.1(RunAfter会先执行它的下一个,等它的下一个执行完成之后才执行本体。这样就可以保证呗@After和@AfterClass的注解的方法一定会被执行,即使某个环节执行过程出错也会执行finally的RunAfter本体);

 

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 1 public class RunAfters extends Statement {
 2     private final Statement fNext;
 3 
 4     private final Object fTarget;
 5 
 6     private final List<FrameworkMethod> fAfters;
 7     
 8     public RunAfters(Statement next, List<FrameworkMethod> afters, Object target) {
 9         fNext= next;
10         fAfters= afters;
11         fTarget= target;
12     }
13 
14     @Override
15     public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
16         List<Throwable> errors = new ArrayList<Throwable>();
17         try {
18             fNext.evaluate();
19         } catch (Throwable e) {
20             errors.add(e);
21         } finally {
22             for (FrameworkMethod each : fAfters)
23                 try {
24                     each.invokeExplosively(fTarget);
25                 } catch (Throwable e) {
26                     errors.add(e);
27                 }
28         }30         MultipleFailureException.assertEmpty(errors);
31     }
32 }
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这样JUint的执行流程就讲完了。。。

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