DirectX9 例程

#include < d3dx9.h >

#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")

D3DXVECTOR3CubeLookAt[] =
{
D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , - 30.0f , - 30.0f ),
D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f ),
D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f )
};

LPDIRECT3D9g_pD3D = NULL; // Direct3D对象
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9g_pD3DDevice = NULL; // Direct3D设备对象
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9g_pVertexBuffer = NULL; // Buffertoholdvertices

PDIRECT3DTEXTURE9g_pTexture = NULL; // 纹理指针

LPD3DXMESHg_pMesh = NULL; // 网格模型对象
D3DMATERIAL9 * g_pMeshMaterials = NULL; // 网格模型材质
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 * g_pMeshTextures = NULL; // 网格模型纹理
DWORDg_dwNumMaterials = 0L ; // 网格模型材质数量

struct CUSTOMVERTEX // 自定义的顶点格式
{
FLOATx,y,z; // 顶点坐标
DWORDcolor; // 顶点颜色
FLOATtu,tv; // 纹理坐标
};

// FlexibleVertexFormat(FVF)灵活顶点格式
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX(D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE|D3DFVF_TEX1)

// 释放对象
#define SafeRelease(pObject)if(pObject!=NULL){pObject->Release();pObject=NULL;}

// 释放对象数组
#define SafeDelete(pObjectArray)if(pObjectArray!=NULL){delete[]pObjectArray;}

// 键盘控制
#define KeyDown(vk_code)((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code)&0x8000)?1:0)
#define KeyUp(vk_code)((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code)&0x8000)?0:1)

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:初始化Direct3D
************************************************************* */

HRESULTInitialiseD3D(HWNDhWnd)
{
// Firstofall,createthemainD3Dobject.Ifitiscreatedsuccessfullywe
// shouldgetapointertoanIDirect3D8interface.
g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if (g_pD3D == NULL)
{
return E_FAIL;
}

// Getthecurrentdisplaymode
/* D3DDISPLAYMODEd3ddm;
if(FAILED(g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,&d3ddm)))
{
returnE_FAIL;
} */

// Createastructuretoholdthesettingsforourdevice
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERSd3dpp;
ZeroMemory( & d3dpp, sizeof (d3dpp));

// Fillthestructure.
// Wewantourprogramtobewindowed,andsetthebackbuffertoaformat
// thatmatchesourcurrentdisplaymode
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;

// 深度缓冲
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;

// CreateaDirect3Ddevice.
if (FAILED(g_pD3D -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, & d3dpp,
& g_pD3DDevice)))
{
return E_FAIL;
}

// 开启背面拣选
// g_pD3DDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE,D3DCULL_CCW);

// 去除灯光
// g_pD3DDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING,FALSE);

// 激活深度缓冲
// g_pD3DDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE,D3DZB_TRUE);

// 设置环境灯光
g_pD3DDevice -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_AMBIENT, 0xFFFFFFFF );

return S_OK;
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:初始化顶点缓冲（立方体）
************************************************************* */

HRESULTInitVertexBuffer()
{
VOID * pVertices;

// Storeeachpointofthecubetogetherwithit'scolour
// Makesurethatthepointsofapolygonarespecifiedinaclockwisedirection,
// thisisbecauseanti-clockwisefaceswillbeculled
// Wewilluseathreetrianglestripstorenderthesepolygons
// (Top,Sides,Bottom).
CUSTOMVERTEXcvVertices[] =
{
// TopFace
{ - 5.0f , 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 0.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex0-Blue
{ - 5.0f , 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 0.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex1-Red
{ 5.0f , 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 1.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex2-Red
{ 5.0f , 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 1.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex3-Green

// Face1
{ - 5.0f , - 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 0.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex4-Red
{ - 5.0f , 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 0.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex5-Blue
{ 5.0f , - 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 1.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex6-Green
{ 5.0f , 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 1.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex7-Red

// Face2
{ 5.0f , - 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 0.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex8-Blue
{ 5.0f , 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 0.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex9-Green

// Face3
{ - 5.0f , - 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 1.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex10-Green
{ - 5.0f , 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 1.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex11-Red

// Face4
{ - 5.0f , - 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 0.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex12-Red
{ - 5.0f , 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 0.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex13-Blue

// BottomFace
{ 5.0f , - 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 0.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex14-Green
{ 5.0f , - 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 0.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex15-Blue
{ - 5.0f , - 5.0f , - 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 255 , 0 , 0 ), 1.0f , 1.0f }, // Vertex16-Red
{ - 5.0f , - 5.0f , 5.0f ,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 255 , 0 ), 1.0f , 0.0f }, // Vertex17-Green
};

// Createthetexturefromfile
if (FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_pD3DDevice, " 1.bmp " , & g_pTexture)))
{
return E_FAIL;
}

// Createthevertexbufferfromourdevice.
if (FAILED(g_pD3DDevice -> CreateVertexBuffer( 18 * sizeof (CUSTOMVERTEX),
0 ,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, & g_pVertexBuffer,NULL)))
{
return E_FAIL;
}


// Getapointertothevertexbufferverticesandlockthevertexbuffer
if (FAILED(g_pVertexBuffer -> Lock( 0 , sizeof (cvVertices),( void ** ) & pVertices, 0 )))
{
return E_FAIL;
}

// Copyourstoredverticesvaluesintothevertexbuffer
memcpy(pVertices,cvVertices, sizeof (cvVertices));

// Unlockthevertexbuffer
g_pVertexBuffer -> Unlock();

return S_OK;
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:响应键盘事件
************************************************************* */

VOIDProcInput()
{
if (KeyDown(VK_DOWN))
{
CubeLookAt[ 0 ].z -= 0.2f ;
CubeLookAt[ 1 ].z -= 0.2f ;
}
if (KeyDown(VK_UP))
{
CubeLookAt[ 0 ].z += 0.2f ;
CubeLookAt[ 1 ].z += 0.2f ;
}
if (KeyDown(VK_RIGHT))
{
CubeLookAt[ 1 ].x += 0.2f ;
}
if (KeyDown(VK_LEFT))
{
CubeLookAt[ 1 ].x -= 0.2f ;
}
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:初始化网格模型
************************************************************* */

HRESULTInitMesh()
{
LPD3DXBUFFERpMaterialsBuffer;

// 从磁盘文件加载网格模型
if (FAILED(D3DXLoadMeshFromX( " SKULL.x " ,D3DXMESH_MANAGED,g_pD3DDevice,NULL,
& pMaterialsBuffer,NULL, & g_dwNumMaterials, & g_pMesh)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, " Couldnotfindcorrespondingmeshfile " , " Mesh " ,MB_OK);
return E_FAIL;
}

// 从网格模型中提取材质属性和纹理文件名
D3DXMATERIAL * matMaterials = (D3DXMATERIAL * )pMaterialsBuffer -> GetBufferPointer();

// Createtwoarrays.Onetoholdthematerialsandothertoholdthetextures
g_pMeshMaterials = new D3DMATERIAL9[g_dwNumMaterials];
g_pMeshTextures = new LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9[g_dwNumMaterials];

// 逐块提取网格模型材质属性和纹理文件名
for (DWORDi = 0 ;i < g_dwNumMaterials;i ++ )
{
// 材料属性
g_pMeshMaterials[i] = matMaterials[i].MatD3D;

// 设置模型材料的环境光反射系数，因为模型材料本身没有设置
g_pMeshMaterials[i].Ambient = g_pMeshMaterials[i].Diffuse;

// 创建纹理
if (FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_pD3DDevice,
matMaterials[i].pTextureFilename,
& g_pMeshTextures[i])))
{
g_pMeshTextures[i] = NULL;
}

}

// We'vefinishedwiththematerialbuffer,soreleaseit
SafeRelease(pMaterialsBuffer);

return S_OK;
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:渲染立方体
************************************************************* */

void RenderCube()
{
ProcInput();

/* ***************************
*Desc:创建并设置世界矩阵*
*************************** */

D3DXMATRIXmatWorld,matWorldX,matWorldY,matWorldZ;

// Createthetransformationmatrices
D3DXMatrixRotationX( & matWorldX,timeGetTime() / 400.0f );
D3DXMatrixRotationY( & matWorldY,timeGetTime() / 400.0f );
D3DXMatrixRotationZ( & matWorldZ,timeGetTime() / 400.0f );

/* 我们调用了D3DXMatrixRotationX、D3DXMatrixRotationY和D3DXMatrixRotationZ
函数产生了3个矩阵而且分别将它们保存在了3个D3DXMATRIX结构中
然后我们将它们相乘后形成了世界矩阵 */
D3DXMatrixMultiply( & matWorld, & matWorldX, & matWorldY);
D3DXMatrixMultiply( & matWorld, & matWorld, & matWorldZ);

// 我们又调用了SetTransform函数为我们的顶点应用了此变换
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, & matWorld);

/* ***************************
*Desc:创建并设置观察矩阵*
*************************** */

D3DXMATRIXmatView;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( & matView, & CubeLookAt[ 0 ], // CameraPosition
& CubeLookAt[ 1 ], // LookAtPosition
& CubeLookAt[ 2 ]); // UpDirection
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, & matView);

/* ***************************
*Desc:创建并设置投影矩阵*
*************************** */

D3DXMATRIXmatProj;
/* 我们设置摄像机的镜头：我们确定了视界为PI/4（正常）而横纵比为1
我们还确定了前、后裁剪平面分别为1和500，这意味着范围之外的三角形将会被裁剪掉 */
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( & matProj,D3DX_PI / 4 , 1.0f , 1.0f , 500.0f );
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, & matProj);

// Sethowthetextureshouldberendered.
if (g_pTexture != NULL)
{
// Atexturehasbeenset.Wedon'twanttoblendourtexturewith
// thecoloursofourvertices,souseD3DTOP_SELECTARG1
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTexture( 0 ,g_pTexture);
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTextureStageState( 0 ,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
}
else
{
// Notexturehasbeenset.Sowewilldisabletexturerendering.
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTextureStageState( 0 ,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_DISABLE);
}

// Renderingourobjects
g_pD3DDevice -> SetStreamSource( 0 ,g_pVertexBuffer, 0 , sizeof (CUSTOMVERTEX));
g_pD3DDevice -> SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX);
g_pD3DDevice -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 ); // Top
g_pD3DDevice -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4 , 8 ); // Sides
g_pD3DDevice -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 14 , 2 ); // Bottom
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:渲染网格模型
************************************************************* */

DWORDRenderMesh()
{
// 创建并设置世界坐标系
D3DXMATRIXmatWorld;
D3DXMatrixRotationY( & matWorld,timeGetTime() / 1000.0f );
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, & matWorld);

// 创建并设置观察矩阵
D3DXMATRIXmatView;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( & matView, & D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , 0.0f , - 20.0f ),
& D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f ),
& D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f ));
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, & matView);

// 创建并设置投影矩阵
D3DXMATRIXmatProj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( & matProj,D3DX_PI / 4 , 1.0f , 1.0f , 100.0f );
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, & matProj);

// 逐块渲染网格模型
if (g_pMesh != NULL)
{
for (DWORDi = 0 ;i < g_dwNumMaterials;i ++ )
{
g_pD3DDevice -> SetMaterial( & g_pMeshMaterials[i]);
g_pD3DDevice -> SetTexture( 0 ,g_pMeshTextures[i]);

g_pMesh -> DrawSubset(i);
}

return g_pMesh -> GetNumFaces();
}
else
{
MessageBox(NULL, " Couldnotopenmeshfile " , " Mesh " ,MB_OK);
return 0 ;
}
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:渲染主场景
************************************************************* */

void Render()
{
if (g_pD3DDevice == NULL)
{
return ;
}

// 清空深度缓冲
g_pD3DDevice -> Clear( 0 ,NULL,D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ), 1.0f , 0 );

// Beginthescene
g_pD3DDevice -> BeginScene();

// RenderCube();
RenderMesh();

// Endthescene
g_pD3DDevice -> EndScene();

// Filpthebackandfrontbufferssothatwhateverhasbeenrenderedonthe
// backbufferwillnowbevisibleonscreen(frontbuffer).
g_pD3DDevice -> Present(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:释放对象
************************************************************* */

void CleanUp()
{
SafeDelete(g_pMeshMaterials);

if (g_pMeshTextures != NULL)
{
for (DWORDi = 0 ;i < g_dwNumMaterials;i ++ )
{
if (g_pMeshTextures[i])
{
SafeRelease(g_pMeshTextures[i]);
}
}
}

SafeDelete(g_pMeshTextures);
SafeRelease(g_pMesh);
SafeRelease(g_pTexture);
SafeRelease(g_pVertexBuffer);
SafeRelease(g_pD3DDevice);
SafeRelease(g_pD3D);
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:游戏循环
************************************************************* */

void GameLoop()
{
// Enterthegameloop
MSGmsg;
BOOLfMessage;

PeekMessage( & msg,NULL, 0U , 0U ,PM_NOREMOVE);

while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
fMessage = PeekMessage( & msg,NULL, 0U , 0U ,PM_REMOVE);

if (fMessage)
{
// Processmessage
TranslateMessage( & msg); // 将虚拟键消息转换为字符消息
DispatchMessage( & msg); // 将转换后的消息传送给windows
}
else
{
// Nomessagetoprocess,sorenderthecurrentscene
Render();
}
}
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:消息处理函数
************************************************************* */

LRESULTWINAPIWinProc(HWNDhWnd,UINTmsg,WPARAMwParam,LPARAMlParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0 ;
break ;
case WM_KEYUP:
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_ESCAPE:
// Userhaspressedtheescapekey,soquit
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
return 0 ;
break ;
}
break ;
}

return DefWindowProc(hWnd,msg,wParam,lParam); // 调用默认消息处理过程
}

/* *************************************************************
*Desc:WIN32入口函数
************************************************************* */

INTWINAPIWinMain(HINSTANCEhInst,HINSTANCE,LPSTR,INT)
{
// Registerthewindowclass
/* WNDCLASSEXwc={sizeof(WNDCLASSEX),CS_CLASSDC,WinProc,0L,0L,
GetModuleHandle(NULL),NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,
"DXProject3",NULL}; */
WNDCLASSEXwc;

// 指定了结构的大小
wc.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);
wc.style = CS_CLASSDC;
// 指定窗口类别的消息处理函数
wc.lpfnWndProc = WinProc;
// 指定窗口结构的额外空间
wc.cbClsExtra =</

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