Spring事务配置的五种方式

以前看过事务,没去具体的学,今天面试又遇到这个问题,这是在网上看到的一篇好文章,加了一点自己的见解,分享给大家

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图:

Spring事务配置的五种方式

根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:

第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao"  
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
</beans>

第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionBase"  
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>    
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
    </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式:使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="transactionInterceptor"
class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<propertyname="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<propertyname="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!--tx中属性method定于对于哪些方法定义什么样的规则,像以get开头的读取方法我们一般不加事务,事务也会影响性能,
read-only定为只能读(其实可以不加),而其他的方法都要加事务-->
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
<tx:methodname="get*" read-only="true"propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED"/>
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
<!--aop中的变量定义事务的处理对象,在哪个层次的类加事务-->
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
expression
="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >

第五种方式:全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
" userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

public List < User > listUsers() {
return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
}


}

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