在CodeSmith 使用教程(1): 概述我们通过使用CodeSmith从数据库自动生成NHiberate代码,可以了解到使用CodeSmith自动生成代码的基本步骤:
其核心为代码模板文件,随CodeSmith自带了不少常用的模板,可以通过模板浏览器来查询,此外网上也有很多第三方开发的模板,在使用前可以先查查是否已有现成的模板,或是可以通过修改现有的模板来完成自动生成代码的需要。
在开发应用时,很多人都喜欢通过复制以前的项目中的代码,然后通过修改以满足新项目,这些重用的代码通常具有很多共性(可以想想C++的模板类,C#的Generic等),CodeSmith就是用来为这些具有相似性的代码创建模板,然后通过设置属性(代码直接的不同点),就可以自动创建所需代码。
本例通过一个简单的例子来介绍创建一个自定义代码模板的方法。CodeSmith提供了Visual Studio的集成开发环境的支持,本例也是通过创建模板自动生成简化每个的C#项目都需要的AssemblyInfo.cs,在开发C# 应用时,一般是通过手工修改AssemblyInfo.cs的中属性(或者是Copy & Paste :-)).
首先我们使用Visual Studio创建一个C# HelloWorld下面(Console或是WinForm项目都可以),可以打开项目中的AssemblyInfo.cs
using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; // General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following // set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information // associated with an assembly. [assembly: AssemblyTitle("HelloWorld")] [assembly: AssemblyDescription("")] [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")] [assembly: AssemblyCompany("Microsoft")] [assembly: AssemblyProduct("HelloWorld")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Microsoft 2013")] [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] // Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible // to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from // COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type. [assembly: ComVisible(false)] // The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM [assembly: Guid("72797715-64b9-4bab-a49f-f55e8a0a18d7")] // Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values: // // Major Version // Minor Version // Build Number // Revision // // You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers // by using the '*' as shown below: // [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")] [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
为了使用CodeSmith,我们在HelloWorld中添加CodeSmith的项目文件并创建一个模板文件AssemblyInfo.cst
创建好的项目文件如下:
编写CodeSmith的代码模板和编写Asp.Net 的Page非常类似,CodeSmith支持以C#,VB.Net和JavaScript做为脚本语言来编写模板,本例使用C#做为脚本语言(源代码/语言),计划生成的也是C#语言(目标代码/语言),打开AssemblyInfo.cst,修改代码为
<%@ CodeTemplate Language="C#" TargetLanguage="C#" Description="Create an AssemblyInfo.cs file." %>
每个CodeSmith的代码模板都是以CodeTemplate开始,定义代码模板使用的源语言,目标语言和简单的描述。
然后将这个模板添加到CodeSmith项目中,可以右键单击codesmith.csp ,选择Add output
这时CodeSmith的项目将创建好了,但单击”Generate code” 不会生成任何代码,因为我们的代码模板AssemblyInfo.cst 没做任何事。
创建代码模板可以从生成的结果开始,可以直接先把要生成的代码复制到代码模板AssemblyInfo.cst中,比如:
using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; // // Created: 1/1/2013 // Author: James Shen // [assembly: AssemblyTitle("User storage utility")] [assembly: AssemblyDescription("Helps manage data in Isolated Storage files.")] [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("Retail")] [assembly: AssemblyCompany("Guidebee Pty Ltd, Inc.")] [assembly: AssemblyProduct("StorageScan")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright (c) Guidebee Pty Ltd.")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0")] [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(true)]
可以把要生成的代码模板的内容分成三部分:
此时如果使用Codesmith 的Generate Codes, 将自动生成AssemblyInfo.cs (缺省为模板名),不过AssemblyInfo.cs位置不是我们所需的Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs, 这可以通过重载代码模板的GetFileName方法来实现:
<%@ CodeTemplate Language="C#" TargetLanguage="C#" Description="Create an AssemblyInfo.cs file." %> ... <script runat="template"> public override string GetFileName() { return "Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs"; } </script>
// Created: <%= DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString() %>
可以看出来CodeSmith的模板文件如AssemblyInfo.cst 和Asp.Net的Page文件中功能是非常类似,可以通过<%= 和%>直接嵌入C#代码(或VB.Net,JavaScripts)。
对于属性来说,可以通过先定义属性:
<%@ Property Name="Author" Type="System.String" Description="Lead author of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Title" Type="System.String" Description="Title of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Description" Type="System.String" Description="Description of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Configuration" Type="System.String" Default="Debug" Description="Project configuration." %> <%@ Property Name="Company" Type="System.String" Default="Guidebee Pty Ltd." %> <%@ Property Name="Product" Type="System.String" Description="Product Name." %> <%@ Property Name="Version" Type="System.String" Default="1.0.*" Description=".NET assembly version." %> <%@ Property Name="FileVersion" Type="System.String" Default="1.0" Description="Win32 file version." %>
属性定义通过Property 定义,Name定义属性名,Type为属性的数据类型,Default定义属性的缺省值, Description可以定义属性的作用及说明。
然后就可以在C#代码中使用这些属性,完整的代码模板如下:
<%@ CodeTemplate Language="C#" TargetLanguage="C#" Description="Create an AssemblyInfo.cs file." %> <%@ Property Name="Author" Type="System.String" Description="Lead author of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Title" Type="System.String" Description="Title of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Description" Type="System.String" Description="Description of the project." %> <%@ Property Name="Configuration" Type="System.String" Default="Debug" Description="Project configuration." %> <%@ Property Name="Company" Type="System.String" Default="Guidebee Pty Ltd." %> <%@ Property Name="Product" Type="System.String" Description="Product Name." %> <%@ Property Name="Version" Type="System.String" Default="1.0.*" Description=".NET assembly version." %> <%@ Property Name="FileVersion" Type="System.String" Default="1.0" Description="Win32 file version." %> using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; // // Created: <%= DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString() %> // Author: <%= Author %> // [assembly: AssemblyTitle("<%= Title %>")] [assembly: AssemblyDescription("<%= Description %>")] [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("<%= Configuration %>")] [assembly: AssemblyCompany("<%= Company %>")] [assembly: AssemblyProduct("<%= Product %>")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright (c) <%= DateTime.Now.Year.ToString() %> <%= Company %>")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("<%= Version %>")] [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("<%= FileVersion %>")] [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(true)]
此时如果需要“Generate output” 首先要配置代码模板的属性,这通过”Manage output” 来完成,
次数如果打开codesmith.csp 文件可以看到为AssemblyInfo.cst 配置的属性内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <codeSmith xmlns="http://www.codesmithtools.com/schema/csp.xsd"> <propertySets> <propertySet name="AssemblyInfo" template="AssemblyInfo.cst"> <property name="Configuration">Debug</property> <property name="Company">Guidebee Pty Ltd.</property> <property name="Version">1.0.*</property> <property name="FileVersion">1.0</property> <property name="Author">James Shen</property> <property name="Title">Code smith Demo</property> <property name="Description">My First Template code</property> <property name="Product">SandCastle</property> </propertySet> </propertySets> </codeSmith>
using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; // // Created: Thursday, 3 January 2013 // Author: James Shen // [assembly: AssemblyTitle("Code smith Demo")] [assembly: AssemblyDescription("My First Template code")] [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("Debug")] [assembly: AssemblyCompany("Guidebee Pty Ltd.")] [assembly: AssemblyProduct("SandCastle")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright (c) 2013 Guidebee Pty Ltd.")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0")] [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(true)]