linux shell 学习–scripts

sh01.sh 标准script模版样式

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#       This program shows "Hello World!" in your screen.
#History:
#2005/08/23     VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
echo -e "Hello World! \a \n"
exit 0

sh02.sh read输入流

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       User inputs his first name and last name.  Program shows his full name.
# History:
# 2005/08/23    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input your first name: " firstname  # 提示使用者输入
read -p "Please input your last name:  " lastname   # 提示使用者输入
echo -e "\nYour full name is: $firstname $lastname" # 结果由萤幕输出

 

sh03.sh date file 创建时间文件

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Program creates three files, which named by user's input 
#       and date command.
# History:
# 2005/08/23    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

# 1. 让使用者输入文件名称，并取得 fileuser 这个变量；
echo -e "I will use 'touch' command to create 3 files." # 纯粹显示资讯
read -p "Please input your filename: " fileuser         # 提示使用者输入

# 2. 为了避免使用者随意按 Enter ，利用变量功能分析档名是否有配置？
filename=${fileuser:-"filename"}           # 开始判断有否配置档名

# 3. 开始利用 date 命令来取得所需要的档名了；
date1=$(date --date='2 days ago' +%Y%m%d)  # 前两天的日期
date2=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y%m%d)  # 前一天的日期
date3=$(date +%Y%m%d)                      # 今天的日期
file1=${filename}${date1}                  # 底下三行在配置档名
file2=${filename}${date2}
file3=${filename}${date3}

# 4. 将档名创建吧！
touch "$file1"                             # 底下三行在创建文件
touch "$file2"
touch "$file3"

 

sh04.sh 四则运算 简易计算器

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       User inputs 2 integer numbers; program will cross these two numbers.
# History:
# 2005/08/23    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
echo -e "You SHOULD input 2 numbers, I will cross them! \n"
read -p "first number:  " firstnu
read -p "second number: " secnu
total=$(($firstnu*$secnu))
echo -e "\nThe result of $firstnu x $secnu is ==> $total"

 

script 的运行方式差异

sh xxx.sh 变量不会保留在主线程

source xxx.sh 变量会保留，直到主线程关闭

sh05.sh test表达式运用

测试的标志	代表意义
1. 关於某个档名的『文件类型』判断，如 test -e filename 表示存在否
-e	该『档名』是否存在？(常用)
-f	该『档名』是否存在且为文件(file)？(常用)
-d	该『档名』是否存在且为目录(directory)？(常用)
-b	该『档名』是否存在且为一个 block device 装置？
-c	该『档名』是否存在且为一个 character device 装置？
-S	该『档名』是否存在且为一个 Socket 文件？
-p	该『档名』是否存在且为一个 FIFO (pipe) 文件？
-L	该『档名』是否存在且为一个连结档？
2. 关於文件的权限侦测，如 test -r filename 表示可读否 (但 root 权限常有例外)
-r	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『可读』的权限？
-w	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『可写』的权限？
-x	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『可运行』的权限？
-u	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『SUID』的属性？
-g	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『SGID』的属性？
-k	侦测该档名是否存在且具有『Sticky bit』的属性？
-s	侦测该档名是否存在且为『非空白文件』？
3. 两个文件之间的比较，如： test file1 -nt file2
-nt	(newer than)判断 file1 是否比 file2 新
-ot	(older than)判断 file1 是否比 file2 旧
-ef	判断 file1 与 file2 是否为同一文件，可用在判断 hard link 的判定上。 主要意义在判定，两个文件是否均指向同一个 inode 哩！
4. 关於两个整数之间的判定，例如 test n1 -eq n2
-eq	两数值相等 (equal)
-ne	两数值不等 (not equal)
-gt	n1 大於 n2 (greater than)
-lt	n1 小於 n2 (less than)
-ge	n1 大於等於 n2 (greater than or equal)
-le	n1 小於等於 n2 (less than or equal)
5. 判定字串的数据
test -z string	判定字串是否为 0 ？若 string 为空字串，则为 true
test -n string	判定字串是否非为 0 ？若 string 为空字串，则为 false。
注： -n 亦可省略
test str1 = str2	判定 str1 是否等於 str2 ，若相等，则回传 true
test str1 != str2	判定 str1 是否不等於 str2 ，若相等，则回传 false
6. 多重条件判定，例如： test -r filename -a -x filename
-a	(and)两状况同时成立！例如 test -r file -a -x file，则 file 同时具有 r 与 x 权限时，才回传 true。
-o	(or)两状况任何一个成立！例如 test -r file -o -x file，则 file 具有 r 或 x 权限时，就可回传 true。
!	反相状态，如 test ! -x file ，当 file 不具有 x 时，回传 true

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       User input a filename, program will check the flowing:
#       1.) exist? 2.) file/directory? 3.) file permissions 
# History:
# 2005/08/25    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

# 1. 让使用者输入档名，并且判断使用者是否真的有输入字串？
echo -e "Please input a filename, I will check the filename's type and \
permission. \n\n"
read -p "Input a filename : " filename
test -z $filename && echo "You MUST input a filename." && exit 0
# 2. 判断文件是否存在？若不存在则显示信息并结束脚本
test ! -e $filename && echo "The filename '$filename' DO NOT exist" && exit 0
# 3. 开始判断文件类型与属性
test -f $filename && filetype="regulare file"
test -d $filename && filetype="directory"
test -r $filename && perm="readable"
test -w $filename && perm="$perm writable"
test -x $filename && perm="$perm executable"
# 4. 开始输出资讯！
echo "The filename: $filename is a $filetype"
echo "And the permissions are : $perm"

sh06.sh []表达式，ubuntu默认不支持

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
# 	This program shows the user's choice
# History:
# 2005/08/25	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn
[ "$yn" == "Y" -o "$yn" == "y" ] && echo "OK, continue" && exit 0
[ "$yn" == "N" -o "$yn" == "n" ] && echo "Oh, interrupt!" && exit 0
echo "I don't know what your choice is" && exit 0

sh07.sh 默认参数

[root@www scripts]# vi sh07.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Program shows the script name, parameters...
# History:
# 2009/02/17	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

echo "The script name is        ==> $0"
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
[ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of parameter is less than 2.  Stop here." \
	&& exit 0
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> '$@'"
echo "The 1st parameter         ==> $1"
echo "The 2nd parameter         ==> $2"

[root@www scripts]# sh sh07.sh theone haha quot
The script name is        ==> sh07.sh            <==档名
Total parameter number is ==> 3                  <==果然有三个参数
Your whole parameter is   ==> 'theone haha quot' <==参数的内容全部
The 1st parameter         ==> theone             <==第一个参数
The 2nd parameter         ==> haha               <==第二个参数

sh08.sh shift造成参数变量号码偏移

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Program shows the effect of shift function.
# History:
# 2009/02/17    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> '$@'"
shift   # 进行第一次『一个变量的 shift 』
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> '$@'"
shift 3 # 进行第二次『三个变量的 shift 』
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> '$@'"

sh06-02.sh 单层if判断

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       This program shows the user's choice
# History:
# 2005/08/25    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
        echo "OK, continue"
        exit 0
fi
if [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
        echo "Oh, interrupt!"
        exit 0
fi
echo "I don't know what your choice is" && exit 0

sh06-03.sh 双层if判断

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       This program shows the user's choice
# History:
# 2005/08/25    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
        echo "OK, continue"
elif [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
        echo "Oh, interrupt!"
else
        echo "I don't know what your choice is"
fi

sh10.sh if判断grep筛选综合例子

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#       Using netstat and grep to detect WWW,SSH,FTP and Mail services.
#History:
# 2005/08/28    VBird   First  release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/use/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local:/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

#1. 先做一些告知动作
echo "Now, i will detect your Linux server's services!"
echo -e "The www, ftp, ssh, and mail will be detect! \n"

#2. 开始进行一些测试的工作，并且也输出一些资讯
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":80 ")   # 侦测看 port 80 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
        echo "WWW is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":22 ")   # 侦测看 port 22 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
        echo "SSH is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":21 ")   # 侦测看 port 21 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
        echo "FTP is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":25 ")   # 侦测看 port 25 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
        echo "Mail is running in your system."
fi

sh09-2.sh case in条件选择

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Show "Hello" from $1.... by using case .... esac
# History:
# 2005/08/29    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

case $1 in
  "hello")
        echo "Hello, how are you ?"
        ;;
  "")
        echo "You MUST input parameters, ex> {$0 someword}"
        ;;
  *)   # 其实就相当於万用字节，0~无穷多个任意字节之意！
        echo "Usage $0 {hello}"
        ;;
esac

sh12-2.sh function方法函数功能

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Use function to repeat information.
# History:
# 2005/08/29	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

function printit(){
	echo -n "Your choice is "     # 加上 -n 可以不断行继续在同一行显示
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case $1 in
  "one")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'  # 将参数做大小写转换！
	;;
  "two")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
	;;
  "three")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac

 

 

可以多看看vim /etc/init.d里面的示例模版写法

sh12-3.sh 方法传递参数

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Use function to repeat information.
# History:
# 2005/08/29	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

function printit(){
	echo "Your choice is $1"   # 这个 $1 必须要参考底下命令的下达
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case $1 in
  "one")
	printit 1  # 请注意， printit 命令后面还有接参数！
	;;
  "two")
	printit 2
	;;
  "three")
	printit 3
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac

 

 

sh13.sh while until循环

while [ condition ]  <==中括号内的状态就是判断式
do            <==do 是回圈的开始！
	程序段落
done     
下面与上面意思刚好相反
until [ condition ]
do
	程序段落
done

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Repeat question until user input correct answer.
# History:
# 2005/08/29    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

while [ "$yn" != "yes" -a "$yn" != "YES" ]
do
        read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Repeat question until user input correct answer.
# History:
# 2005/08/29	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

until [ "$yn" == "yes" -o "$yn" == "YES" ]
do
	read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

 

 

sh14.sh while循环

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Use loop to calculate "1+2+3+...+100" result.
# History:
# 2005/08/29    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

s=0  # 这是加总的数值变量
i=0  # 这是累计的数值，亦即是 1, 2, 3....
while [ "$i" != "100" ]
do
        i=$(($i+1))   # 每次 i 都会添加 1 
        s=$(($s+$i))  # 每次都会加总一次！
done
echo "The result of '1+2+3+...+100' is ==> $s"

 

sh15.sh for循环遍历枚举

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       Using for .... loop to print 3 animals
# History:
# 2005/08/29    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

for animal in dog cat elephant
do
        echo "There are ${animal}s.... "
done

 

sh16.sh foreach循环遍历数组

#!/bin/bash
# Program
#       Use id, finger command to check system account's information.
# History
# 2009/02/18    VBird   first release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
users=$(cut -d ':' -f1 /etc/passwd)  # 撷取帐号名称
for username in $users               # 开始回圈进行！
do
        id $username
        finger $username
done

 

sh17.sh foreach 循环遍历个数seq

#!/bin/bash
# Program
#       Use ping command to check the network's PC state.
# History
# 2009/02/18    VBird   first release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
network="192.168.1"              # 先定义一个网域的前面部分！
for sitenu in $(seq 1 100)       # seq 为 sequence(连续) 的缩写之意
do
	# 底下的程序在取得 ping 的回传值是正确的还是失败的！
        ping -c 1 -w 1 ${network}.${sitenu} &> /dev/null && result=0 || result=1
	# 开始显示结果是正确的启动 (UP) 还是错误的没有连通 (DOWN)
        if [ "$result" == 0 ]; then
                echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is UP."
        else
                echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is DOWN."
        fi
done

 

sh18.sh foreach 循环+test

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	User input dir name, I find the permission of files.
# History:
# 2005/08/29	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

# 1. 先看看这个目录是否存在啊？
read -p "Please input a directory: " dir
if [ "$dir" == "" -o ! -d "$dir" ]; then
	echo "The $dir is NOT exist in your system."
	exit 1
fi

# 2. 开始测试文件罗～
filelist=$(ls $dir)        # 列出所有在该目录下的文件名称
for filename in $filelist
do
	perm=""
	test -r "$dir/$filename" && perm="$perm readable"
	test -w "$dir/$filename" && perm="$perm writable"
	test -x "$dir/$filename" && perm="$perm executable"
	echo "The file $dir/$filename's permission is $perm "
done

 

sh19.sh for do done

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
# 	Try do calculate 1+2+....+${your_input}
# History:
# 2005/08/29	VBird	First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input a number, I will count for 1+2+...+your_input: " nu

s=0
for (( i=1; i<=$nu; i=i+1 ))
do
	s=$(($s+$i))
done
echo "The result of '1+2+3+...+$nu' is ==> $s"

debug调试

sh [-nvx] scripts.sh
选项与参数：
-n  ：不要运行 script，仅查询语法的问题；
-v  ：再运行 sccript 前，先将 scripts 的内容输出到萤幕上；
-x  ：将使用到的 script 内容显示到萤幕上，这是很有用的参数！