spring-data-jpa 入门资料
spring-data-jpa 入门资料
- maven环境安装
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId> <version>1.0.0.Draft-16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>4.2.7.SP1</version> </dependency>spring-data-jpa下载jar会自动依赖包，包括spring framework框架包。
1.4.3.RELEASE依赖包是spring framework的版本是3.14
具体如下：
除此之外，需要手动选择jpa支持的厂商，我这里选择是hibernate。hibernate-jpa-2.1-api是指的jpa的2.1规范，hibernate-entitymanager是jpa的具体实现。
加入数据库驱动包及spring test
<dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <version>1.3.174</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>3.1.4.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
最终，pom文件如下：
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId> <version>1.0.0.Draft-16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>4.2.7.SP1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <version>1.3.174</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>3.1.4.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
- 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="jpa.sample.plain"> <properties> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:h2:tcp://127.0.0.1:9043/~/test" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.h2.Driver" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="123" /> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" /> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" /> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="org.h2.tools.Server" class="org.h2.tools.Server"
factory-method="createTcpServer" init-method="start" destroy-method="stop">
<constructor-arg value="-tcp,-tcpAllowOthers,-tcpPort,9043" />
</bean>
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean"
depends-on="org.h2.tools.Server">
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="jpa.sample.plain" />
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
</beans>
在src/main/resources,新建log4j.xml，内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{ABSOLUTE} %-5p [%c] %m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<root>
<priority value="ERROR" />
<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
- 开发
User类：
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.domain;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.AbstractPersistable;
/**
* Sample user class.
*
* @author Oliver Gierke
* @author Thomas Darimont
*/
@Entity
@NamedQuery(name = "User.findByTheUsersName", query = "from User u where u.username = ?1")
public class User extends AbstractPersistable<Long> {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2952735933715107252L;
@Column(unique = true) private String username;
private String firstname;
private String lastname;
public User() {
this(null);
}
/**
* Creates a new user instance.
*/
public User(Long id) {
this.setId(id);
}
/**
* Returns the username.
*
* @return
*/
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
/**
* @param username the username to set
*/
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
/**
* @return the firstname
*/
public String getFirstname() {
return firstname;
}
/**
* @param firstname the firstname to set
*/
public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
this.firstname = firstname;
}
/**
* @return the lastname
*/
public String getLastname() {
return lastname;
}
/**
* @param lastname the lastname to set
*/
public void setLastname(String lastname) {
this.lastname = lastname;
}
}
SimpleUserRepository类：
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
/**
* Simple repository interface for {@link User} instances. The interface is used to declare so called query methods,
* methods to retrieve single entities or collections of them.
*
* @author Oliver Gierke
* @author Thomas Darimont
*/
public interface SimpleUserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
/**
* Find the user with the given username. This method will be translated into a query using the
* {@link javax.persistence.NamedQuery} annotation at the {@link User} class.
*
* @param lastname
* @return
*/
User findByTheUsersName(String username);
/**
* Find all users with the given lastname. This method will be translated into a query by constructing it directly
* from the method name as there is no other query declared.
*
* @param lastname
* @return
*/
List<User> findByLastname(String lastname);
/**
* Returns all users with the given firstname. This method will be translated into a query using the one declared in
* the {@link Query} annotation declared one.
*
* @param firstname
* @return
*/
@Query("select u from User u where u.firstname = ?")
List<User> findByFirstname(String firstname);
/**
* Returns all users with the given name as first- or lastname. Makes use of the {@link Param} annotation to use named
* parameters in queries. This makes the query to method relation much more refactoring safe as the order of the
* method parameters is completely irrelevant.
*
* @param name
* @return
*/
@Query("select u from User u where u.firstname = :name or u.lastname = :name")
List<User> findByFirstnameOrLastname(@Param("name") String name);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <import resource="infrastructure.xml" /> <jpa:repositories base-package="org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple" /> </beans>
- 测试
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
/**
* Intergration test showing the basic usage of {@link SimpleUserRepository}.
*
* @author Oliver Gierke
* @author Thomas Darimont
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@Transactional
public abstract class AbstractSimpleUserRepositoryTests {
@Autowired SimpleUserRepository repository;
User user;
@Before
public void setUp() {
user = new User();
user.setUsername("foobar");
user.setFirstname("firstname");
user.setLastname("lastname");
}
@Test
public void findSavedUserById() {
user = repository.save(user);
user = repository.findByTheUsersName("foobar");
// assertEquals(user, repository.findOne(user.getId()));
}
@Test
public void findSavedUserByLastname() throws Exception {
// user = repository.save(user);
List<User> users = repository.findByLastname("lastname");
// assertNotNull(users);
// assertTrue(users.contains(user));
}
@Test
public void findByFirstnameOrLastname() throws Exception {
// user = repository.save(user);
List<User> users = repository.findByFirstnameOrLastname("lastname");
// assertTrue(users.contains(user));
}
}
XmlConfigSimpleUserRepositoryTests类：
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
/**
* @author Thomas Darimont
*/
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "/simple-repository-context.xml")
public class XmlConfigSimpleUserRepositoryTests extends AbstractSimpleUserRepositoryTests {}
- 结果
