CENTOS linux kernel 内核编译
题记：今天装docker，提示我最好用3.10以上的内核
一.环境
1.1 系统环境
[root@test kernels]# lsb lsblk lsb_release [root@test kernels]# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: CentOS Description: CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Release: 6.5 Codename: Final
1.2 当前内核版本
Display all 259 possibilities? (y or n) [root@test kernels]# more /proc/version Linux version 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013
二.安装
2.1 获取高版本内核，并解压到/usr/src/kernels
网址：https://www.kernel.org/
cd /root/soft wget cd /usr/src/kernels tar -xJvf /root/soft/linux-3.10.87.tar.xz
2.2 编译&安装
A:进入内核目录，执行make menuconfig 修改编译配置文件
[root@test kernels]# cd linux-3.10.87/ [root@test linux-3.10.87]# pwd /usr/src/kernels/linux-3.10.87 [root@test linux-3.10.87]# make menuconfig HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/mconf.o SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/mconf scripts/kconfig/mconf Kconfig # # using defaults found in /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 # /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:497:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for X86_INTEL_PSTATE /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:565:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for PCCARD_NONSTATIC /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:2730:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MFD_WM8400 /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:2731:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MFD_WM831X /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:2732:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MFD_WM8350 /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:2745:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MFD_WM8350_I2C /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64:2747:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for AB3100_COR
注意：此处我的系统是64位，所以要选用64-bit kernel
然后保存，检查配置文件 .config
[root@test linux-3.10.87]# ls -al 总用量 684 drwxrwxr-x 23 root root 4096 8月 20 14:39 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 www root 4096 8月 20 14:16 .. drwxrwxr-x 32 root root 4096 8月 17 11:52 arch drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 8月 17 11:52 block -rw-r----- 1 root root 119834 8月 20 14:39 .config -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 18693 8月 17 11:52 COPYING -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 95317 8月 17 11:52 CREDITS drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 8月
B：编译 make all 这一步 执行的时间很长，我这边有一个小时左右
[root@test linux-3.10.87]# pwd /usr/src/kernels/linux-3.10.87 [root@test linux-3.10.87]# make all
C: 安装模块
[root@test linux-3.10.87]# make modules_install
D：执行make install
[root@test linux-3.10.87]# make install sh /usr/src/kernels/linux-3.10.87/arch/x86/boot/install.sh 3.10.87 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \ System.map "/boot" ERROR: modinfo: could not find module xt_MARK ERROR: modinfo: could not find module ipt_MASQUERADE ERROR: modinfo: could not find module iptable_nat ERROR: modinfo: could not find module nf_nat ERROR: modinfo: could not find module vmhgfs ERROR: modinfo: could not find module vsock ERROR: modinfo: could not find module vmware_balloon ERROR: modinfo: could not find module vmci [root@test linux-3.10.87]#
报错了
暂时未解决
解决问题：在系统上lsmod 确实有上面几个模块
[root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# lsmod | grep xt_MARK xt_MARK 1057 3 [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# pwd /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64
但是我在/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64/.config 里也没找到这些模块
[root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep ipt_MASQUERADE .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep xt_MARK .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep iptable_nat .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep nf_nat .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep vmhgfs .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep vsock .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep vmware_balloon .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# grep vmci .config [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# lsmod | grep xt_MARK xt_MARK 1057 3 [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# pwd /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64 [root@test 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64]# pwd /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64
所以上面的报错可能不影响正常使用，正在继续测试中
E:修改启动文件 /boot/grub/grub.conf
步骤：先备份该文件
[root@test boot]# cd grub/ [root@test grub]# ls -al 总用量 280 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1024 8月 24 22:26 . dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 8月 24 22:12 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 63 10月 25 2014 device.map -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13380 10月 25 2014 e2fs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12620 10月 25 2014 fat_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11748 10月 25 2014 ffs_stage1_5 -rw------- 1 root root 1080 8月 24 22:26 grub.conf -rw------- 1 root root 1080 8月 24 22:26 grub.conf.bak -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11756 10月 25 2014 iso9660_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13268 10月 25 2014 jfs_stage1_5 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 10月 25 2014 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11956 10月 25 2014 minix_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14412 10月 25 2014 reiserfs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1341 11月 15 2010 splash.xpm.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 512 10月 25 2014 stage1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 126100 10月 25 2014 stage2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12024 10月 25 2014 ufs2_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11364 10月 25 2014 vstafs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13964 10月 25 2014 xfs_stage1_5 [root@test grub]# pwd /boot/grub [root@test grub]# cp grub.conf grub.conf.bak
然后修改参数default=0
0表示启动第一个
1表示启动第二个
下面是我的已修改版：
[root@test grub]# less grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (3.10.87) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-3.10.87 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap crashkernel=auto.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-3.10.87.img title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap crashkernel=auto.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
三 验证
3.1 重启
[root@test grub]# reboot
3.2 检查
[root@test grub]# uname -a Linux test.localdomain 3.10.87 #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 21:43:03 CST 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@test grub]# cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.87 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 21:43:03 CST 2015 [root@test grub]#
参考文章：http://blog.itpub.net/27771627/viewspace-1256552
http://smilejay.com/2013/11/kernel-install-error-could-not-find-module/