PostgreSQL之网络地址类型

官方文档：http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/interactive/datatype-net-types.html

一、cidr

postgres=# create table test (id int, name text);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# \d test 
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 

postgres=# alter table test add column ip cidr;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test 
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 
 ip     | cidr    | 

postgres=# insert into test values (1, 'a', '192.168.1.100');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
(1 row)
postgres=# insert into test values (2, 'b', '192.168.0.0/16');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
(2 rows)
postgres=# insert into test values (3, 'c', '192.168.1.0/24');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

查询使用

postgres=# select * from test where ip = '192.168.1.100';
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
(1 row)
postgres=#  select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/24';
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(2 rows)

postgres=#  select * from test where ip >= '192.168.0.0/16';
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.101/32' where id = 2;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.102/32' where id = 3; 
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.102/32
(3 rows)
postgres=# select * from test where  ip between '192.168.1.100' and '192.168.1.101';
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
(2 rows)

postgres=# select * from test where  ip between '192.168.1.100' and '192.168.1.102';
 id | name |        ip        
----+------+------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.102/32
(3 rows)

二、inet

将cidr修改为inet

postgres=# \d test 
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 
 ip     | cidr    |
 postgres=# alter table test alter column ip type inet;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test 
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 
 ip     | inet    |

postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |      ip       
----+------+---------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.101
  3 | c    | 192.168.1.102
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.0.0/16' where id = 3;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;                               
 id | name |       ip       
----+------+----------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.101
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.0/24' where id = 2;   
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |       ip       
----+------+----------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

可见，inet默认32位掩码的ip是不带'/32'的

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.100';
 id | name |      ip       
----+------+---------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.1';  
 id | name |      ip       
----+------+---------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.101';
 id | name | ip 
----+------+----
(0 rows)
postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/32';
 id | name |      ip       
----+------+---------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)
postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/16';
 id | name |       ip       
----+------+----------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(2 rows)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.0.0/16';
 id | name |       ip       
----+------+----------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

使用跟cidr差不多

三、macaddr

postgres=# \d test 
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 
 ip     | inet    | 

postgres=# alter table test add column mac macaddr;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test
     Table "public.test"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 id     | integer | 
 name   | text    | 
 ip     | inet    | 
 mac    | macaddr | 

postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |       ip       | mac 
----+------+----------------+-----
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  | 
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' where id = 1;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |       ip       |        mac        
----+------+----------------+-------------------
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
(3 rows)
postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:04' where id = 2; 
UPDATE 1
postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:05' where id = 3; 
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
 id | name |       ip       |        mac        
----+------+----------------+-------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:05
(3 rows)

查询使用

postgres=# select * from test where mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:03';
 id | name |      ip       |        mac        
----+------+---------------+-------------------
  1 | a    | 192.168.1.100 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where mac > '08:00:2b:01:02:03';
 id | name |       ip       |        mac        
----+------+----------------+-------------------
  2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04
  3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:05
(2 rows)

PostgreSQL默认还不支持iprange，需要安装ip4r的扩展，详见：http://pgfoundry.org/projects/ip4r/