Spring事务配置的五种方法

Spring事务配置的五种方式


   
前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。


    总结如下:


   
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。


   
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。


    具体如下图:



    根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:


    第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理


<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean
id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  

       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   
</ bean >  


   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  

   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
   

   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
   

   
< bean id ="userDao"  

        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >  

          
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  

          
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />     

       
< property name ="target"
ref
="userDaoTarget" />  

        
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
       
<!--
配置事务属性
-->  
       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  

           
< props >  

               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
           
</ props >  

       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >  

</ beans >


    第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类


<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean
id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  

       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   
</ bean >  


   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  

   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
   

   
< bean id ="transactionBase"  
            class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init
="true"
abstract
="true" >  

       
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  

       
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />  

       
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  

       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  

           
< props >  

               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  

           
</ props >  

       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >    

  
   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
   

   
< bean id ="userDao"
parent
="transactionBase" >  

       
< property name ="target"
ref
="userDaoTarget" />   

   
</ bean >
</ beans >


第三种方式:使用拦截器


<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean
id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  

       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   
</ bean >  


   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  

   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
  

   
< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"  
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >  

       
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />  

       
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  

       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  

           
< props >  

               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  

           
</ props >  

       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >
     

   
< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >  

       
< property name ="beanNames" >  

           
< list >  

               
< value > *Dao </ value >
           
</ list >  

       
</ property >  

       
< property name ="interceptorNames" >  

           
< list >  

               
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >  

           
</ list >  

       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >  
 

   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDao"
class
="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
</ beans >


第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器


<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

          

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< context:annotation-config />
   
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

   
< bean
id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  

       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   
</ bean >  


   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  

   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >

   
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice"
transaction-manager
="transactionManager" >
       
< tx:attributes >
           
< tx:method name ="*"
propagation
="REQUIRED" />
       
</ tx:attributes >
   
</ tx:advice >
   

   
< aop:config >
       
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression
="execution(*
com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"
/>
       
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts" />        

   
</ aop:config >      

</ beans >


第五种方式:全注解


<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< context:annotation-config />
   
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

   
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

   
< bean
id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  

       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   
</ bean >  


   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  

   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
   
</ bean >
   

</ beans >


此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:


package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import
java.util.List;

import
org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import
com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
" userDao " )
public class
UserDaoImpl
extends HibernateDaoSupport implements
UserDao {

   
public List < User >
listUsers() {
       
return this .getSession().createQuery( " from
User
" ).list();
    }
   
   
}

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