[Android] Activity ConfigChanges属性

通过设置这个属性可以使Activity捕捉设备状态变化,以下是可以被识别的内容: 
设置方法:将下列字段用“|”符号分隔开,例如:“locale|navigation|orientation

Value Description
mcc The IMSI mobile country code (MCC) has changed — that is, a SIM hasbeen detected and updated the MCC.移动国家号码,由三位数字组成,每个国家都有自己独立的MCC,可以识别手机用户所属国家。
mnc The IMSI mobile network code (MNC) has changed — that is, a SIM hasbeen detected and updated the MNC.移动网号,在一个国家或者地区中,用于区分手机用户的服务商。
locale The locale has changed — for example, the user has selected a new language that text should be displayed in.用户所在地区发生变化。
touchscreen The touchscreen has changed. (This should never normally happen.)
keyboard The keyboard type has changed — for example, the user has plugged in an external keyboard.键盘模式发生变化,例如:用户接入外部键盘输入
keyboardHidden The keyboard accessibility has changed — for example, the user has slid the keyboard out to expose it.用户打开手机硬件键盘
navigation The navigation type has changed. (This should never normally happen.)
orientation The screen orientation has changed — that is, the user has rotated the device.设备旋转,横向显示和竖向显示模式切换。
fontScale The font scaling factor has changed — that is, the user has selected a new global font size.全局字体大小缩放发生改变

通过一个例子介绍这个属性的用法: 首先需要修改项目的manifest:

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.androidres.ConfigChangedTesting"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".ConfigChangedTesting"
                  android:label="@string/app_name"
                  android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

在Activity中添加了 android:configChanges属性,目的是当所指定属性(Configuration Changes)发生改变时,通知程序调用 onConfigurationChanged()函数。


横竖屏切换时候activity的生命周期 android:configChanges

1、不设置Activity的android:configChanges时,切屏会重新调用各个生命周期,切横屏时会执行一次,切竖屏时会执行两次

2、设置Activity的android:configChanges="orientation"时,切屏还是会重新调用各个生命周期,切横、竖屏时只会执行一次

3、设置Activity的android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"时,切屏不会重新调用各个生命周期,只会执行onConfigurationChanged方法

今天遇到一个面试题,让写出横屏切换竖屏Activity的生命周期。以前好像看到过,当时没用,于是没注意,结果今天有这个题。

网上查了下,总结下:

1、新建一个Activity,并把各个生命周期打印出来

2、运行Activity,得到如下信息

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onResume-->

3、按crtl+f12切换成横屏时

onSaveInstanceState-->

onPause-->

onStop-->

onDestroy-->

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onRestoreInstanceState-->

onResume-->

4、再按crtl+f12切换成竖屏时,发现打印了两次相同的log

onSaveInstanceState-->

onPause-->

onStop-->

onDestroy-->

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onRestoreInstanceState-->

onResume-->

onSaveInstanceState-->

onPause-->

onStop-->

onDestroy-->

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onRestoreInstanceState-->

onResume-->

5、修改AndroidManifest.xml,把该Activity添加 android:configChanges="orientation",执行步骤3

onSaveInstanceState-->

onPause-->

onStop-->

onDestroy-->

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onRestoreInstanceState-->

onResume-->

6、再执行步骤4,发现不会再打印相同信息,但多打印了一行onConfigChanged

onSaveInstanceState-->

onPause-->

onStop-->

onDestroy-->

onCreate-->

onStart-->

onRestoreInstanceState-->

onResume-->

onConfigurationChanged-->

7、把步骤5的android:configChanges="orientation" 改成 android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden",执行步骤3,就只打印onConfigChanged

onConfigurationChanged-->

8、执行步骤4

onConfigurationChanged-->

onConfigurationChanged-->

总结:

1、不设置Activity的android:configChanges时,切屏会重新调用各个生命周期,切横屏时会执行一次,切竖屏时会执行两次

2、设置Activity的android:configChanges="orientation"时,切屏还是会重新调用各个生命周期,切横、竖屏时只会执行一次

3、设置Activity的android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"时,切屏不会重新调用各个生命周期,只会执行onConfigurationChanged方法

补充一点,当前Activity产生事件弹出Toast和AlertDialog的时候Activity的生命周期不会有改变

Activity运行时按下HOME键(跟被完全覆盖是一样的):onSaveInstanceState --> onPause --> onStop      onRestart -->onStart--->onResume


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