蓝牙是设备近距离通信的一种方便手段,在iPhone引入蓝牙4.0后,设备之间的通讯变得更加简单。相关的蓝牙操作由专门的CoreBluetooth.framework进行统一管理。通过蓝牙进行通讯交互分为两方,一方为中心设备central,一方为外设peripheral,外设通过广播的方式向外发送信息,中心设备检索到外设发的广播信息,可以进行配对连接,进而进行数据交互。
CBCentralManager是管理中心设备的管理类,其中重要方法如下:
//设置中心设备代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBCentralManagerDelegate> delegate; //中心设备当前状态 @property(readonly) CBCentralManagerState state; //中心设备是否正在扫描 @property(readonly) BOOL isScanning NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);
其中state是一个枚举,有关蓝牙是否可用的状态如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCentralManagerState) { //状态未知 CBCentralManagerStateUnknown = 0, //连接断开 即将重置 CBCentralManagerStateResetting, //该平台不支持蓝牙 CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported, //未授权蓝牙使用 CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized, //蓝牙关闭 CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff, //蓝牙正常开启 CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn, };
下面这些方法用于初始化管理中心:
//初始化方法 //设置的代理需要遵守CBCentralManagerDelegate协议 //queue可以设置蓝牙扫描的线程 传入nil则为在主线程中进行 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue; //此方法同上 在options字典中用于进行一些管理中心的初始化属性设置 //字典中支持的键值如下 /* NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey 对应一个NSNumber类型的bool值,用于设置是否在关闭蓝牙时弹出用户提示 NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionRestoreIdentifierKey 对应一个NSString对象,设置管理中心的标识符ID */ - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
//根据获取所有已知设备 - (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray<NSUUID *> *)identifiers; //根据服务id获取所有连接的设备 - (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs;
在初始化管理中心完成后,会回调代理中的如下方法,我们必须实现如下方法:
//这个方法中可以获取到管理中心的状态 - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
如果上面方法中管理中心状态为蓝牙可用,可以通过下面方法开启扫描外设:
//serviceUUIDs用于扫描一个特点ID的外设 options用于设置一些扫描属性 键值如下 /* //是否允许重复扫描 对应NSNumber的bool值,默认为NO,会自动去重 NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey; //要扫描的设备UUID 数组 对应NSArray NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey; */ - (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
//停止扫描外设 - (void)stopScan;
扫描的结果会在如下代理方法中回掉:
//peripheral 扫描到的外设 //advertisementData是外设发送的广播数据 //RSSI 是信号强度 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
扫描到外设后,通过下面方法可以连接一个外设:
/* options中可以设置一些连接设备的初始属性键值如下 //对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设连接后是否弹出一个警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey; //对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设断开连接后是否弹出一个警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey; //对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设暂停连接后是否弹出一个警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnNotificationKey; */ - (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options; //取消一个外设的连接 - (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
调用过连接外设的方法后,会回掉如下代理方法:
//连接外设成功 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral; //连接外设失败 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error; //断开外设连接 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
当管理中心恢复时会调用如下代理:
//dict中会传入如下键值对 /* //恢复连接的外设数组 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStatePeripheralsKey; //恢复连接的服务UUID数组 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanServicesKey; //恢复连接的外设扫描属性字典数组 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanOptionsKey; */ - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict;
从上面我们知道,中心设备是用来扫描周围的外设,两台设备的通讯中,必须有一个充当中心设备,一个充当外设,外设是由CBPeripheralManager进行管理,主要方法如下:
//设置外设管理中心代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate> delegate; //外设状态 枚举如中心设备 @property(readonly) CBPeripheralManagerState state; //是否正在发送广播 @property(readonly) BOOL isAdvertising; //用户的授权状态 + (CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus; //初始化并设置代理 参数的具体含义与中心设备管理中心 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t); - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options; //开始发送广播 //advertisementData中可以发送的数据有约定 如下 /* 对应设置NSString类型的广播名 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey; 外设制造商的NSData数据 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataManufacturerDataKey; 外设制造商的CBUUID数据 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceDataKey; 服务的UUID与其对应的服务数据字典数组 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey; 附加服务的UUID数组 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataOverflowServiceUUIDsKey; 外设的发送功率 NSNumber类型 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataTxPowerLevelKey; 外设是否可以连接 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataIsConnectable; 服务的UUID数组 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey; */ - (void)startAdvertising:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData; //停止发送广播 - (void)stopAdvertising; //设置一个连接的具体central设备的延时 枚举如下 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency) { CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyLow = 0, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyMedium, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyHigh } NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0); */ - (void)setDesiredConnectionLatency:(CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency)latency forCentral:(CBCentral *)central; //添加一个服务 - (void)addService:(CBMutableService *)service; //移除一个服务 - (void)removeService:(CBMutableService *)service; //移除所有服务 - (void)removeAllServices; //响应中心设备的读写请求 - (void)respondToRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request withResult:(CBATTError)result; //更新一个连接中心设备的订阅特征值 - (BOOL)updateValue:(NSData *)value forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:(nullable NSArray<CBCentral *> *)centrals;
外设代理的相关方法如下:
//这个方法是必须实现的 状态可用后可以发送广播 - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral; //连接回复时调用的方法 和centralManager类似 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict; //开始发送广播时调用的方法 - (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error; //添加服务调用的回调 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //当一个central设备订阅一个特征值时调用的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //取消订阅一个特征值时调用的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //收到读请求时触发的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request; //收到写请求时触发的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests; //外设准备更新特征值时调用的方法 - (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;
上面介绍了中心设备管理类与外设管理类,这些类用于将设备连接建立起来,器具的数据交换的服务和一些信息则是在对应的设备对象中。
//设备UUID @property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUUID *identifier; //中心设备最大接收的数据长度 @property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger maximumUpdateValueLength;
外设对象要比中心对象复杂的多,当centralManager连接到外设后,需要通过外设对象的代理方法进行数据交互,其中主要方法属性如下:
//设置代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralDelegate> delegate; //外设name @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSString *name; //信号强度 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0); //外设状态 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) { CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0,//未连接 CBPeripheralStateConnecting,//正在链接 CBPeripheralStateConnected,//已经连接 CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0),//正在断开连接 } NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0); */ @property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state; //所有的服务数组 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *services; //获取当前信号强度 - (void)readRSSI; //根据服务UUID寻找服务对象 - (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs; //在服务对象UUID数组中寻找特定服务 - (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service; //在一个服务中寻找特征值 - (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service; //从一个特征中读取数据 - (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //写数据的最大长度 //type枚举如下 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCharacteristicWriteType) { CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse = 0,//写数据并且接收成功与否回执 CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse,//写数据不接收回执 }; */ - (NSUInteger)maximumWriteValueLengthForType:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0); //向某个特征中写数据 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type; //为制定的特征值设置监听通知 - (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //寻找特征值的描述 - (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //读取特征的描述值 - (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor; //写特征的描述值 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;
外设的代理方法如下:
//外设名称更改时回调的方法 - (void)peripheralDidUpdateName:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0); //外设服务变化时回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray<CBService *> *)invalidatedServices NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0); //信号强度改变时调用的方法 - (void)peripheralDidUpdateRSSI:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0); //读取信号强度回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didReadRSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 8_0); //发现服务时调用的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(nullable NSError *)error; //在服务中发现子服务回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //发现服务的特征值后回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征值更新时回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //向特征值写数据时回调的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征值的通知设置改变时触发的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //发现特征值的描述信息触发的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征的描述值更新时触发的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error; //写描述信息时触发的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;
服务对象是用来管理外设提供的一些数据服务的,其中属性如下:
//对应的外设 @property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBPeripheral *peripheral; //是否是初等服务 @property(readonly, nonatomic) BOOL isPrimary; //包含的自服务 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *includedServices; //服务中的特征值 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBCharacteristic *> *characteristics;
通过绑定服务中的特征值来进行数据的读写操作,其中属性如下:
//对应的服务对象 @property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBService *service; //特征值的属性 枚举如下 /* typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast,//允许广播特征 CBCharacteristicPropertyRead,//可读属性 CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse,//可写并且接收回执 CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite,//可写属性 CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify,//可通知属性 CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate,//可展现的特征值 CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites,//允许签名的特征值写入 CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired }; */ @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristicProperties properties; //特征值的数据 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSData *value; //特征值的描述 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBDescriptor *> *descriptors; //是否是当前广播的特征 @property(readonly) BOOL isBroadcasted; //是否是正在通知的特征 @property(readonly) BOOL isNotifying;
服务对象是外设向中心设备提供的相关数据服务,获取到相应服务后,中心设备可以进行读写请求,读写对象属性如下:
//对应的中心设备 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCentral *central; //对应的特征值 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic *characteristic; //读写数据值 @property(readwrite, copy, nullable) NSData *value;