mysql 同步 master-slave

linux OS: ubuntu server 8.04.1
software: mysql5.0.51
mysql1  : 192.168.6.4    //master
mysql2  : 192.168.6.5    //slave

安装步骤 
1. 分别在两台机器上安装mysql-server
shell > apt-get install mysql-server
2.修改 mysql1 master 的配置文件
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
找到 bind-address = 127.0.0.1
改为 bind-address = 0.0.0.0
找到 
＃server-id               = 1
＃log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
去掉 注释符号
server-id               = 1
log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
default-character-set   = utf8     #新加上的为了保持编码一至防止出错

3.改好后保存退出，然后建立一个slave服务器的用户账号
root@msyql1:/# mysql -uroot -p

mysql>  grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to ludy@'192.168.6.5' identified by 'ypmwbg';
mysql >  grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected] identified by 'ypmwbg';     //给予权限
到这里要注意了，我的两台数据库都是空的.

重启mysql服务

4.修改 mysql2 服务器slave的 my.cnf配置文件
找到 bind-address            = 127.0.0.1
替换 bind-address            = 0.0.0.0
找到 
＃server-id               = 1
＃log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
把 注释符号去掉 改为如下

server-id               = 2
master-host             = 192.168.6.4
master-user             = ludy
master-password         = ypmwbg
master-port             = 3306
log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
log-slave-updates
skip-slave-start
配置完后 重新启动mysql

然后进入 mysql1 master 服务器
root@msyql:~# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5.4-log (Ubuntu)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      98  |              |                  | 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

记录下来以后 进入 mysql2 slave mysql

root@msyql2:~# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5.4-log (Ubuntu)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>  change master to master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=98;

【参考：

change master to master_host='192.168.0.100', master_user='slave', master_password='******', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000010', master_log_pos=16860;
slave start;
执行:show  slave status\G;时看到的如下状态；
mysql> show slave status\G;

】

//这个地方就是记录下来的 mysql1 master 的数据

mysql > start slave;  //启动slave 服务

mysql > show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                Master_Host: 192.168.6.4
                Master_User: ludy
                Master_Port: 3306
              Connect_Retry: 60
            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 181
             Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000003
              Relay_Log_Pos: 235
      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
           Slave_IO_Running: Yes
          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
            Replicate_Do_DB: 
        Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
         Replicate_Do_Table: 
     Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                 Last_Errno: 0
                 Last_Error: 
               Skip_Counter: 0
        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 181
            Relay_Log_Space: 235
            Until_Condition: None
             Until_Log_File: 
              Until_Log_Pos: 0
         Master_SSL_Allowed: No
         Master_SSL_CA_File: 
         Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
            Master_SSL_Cert: 
          Master_SSL_Cipher: 
             Master_SSL_Key: 
      Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

哈哈      Slave_IO_Running: Yes
          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

说明启动成功
然后在 master 新建 一个数据库看看

root@msyq1l:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5.4-log (Ubuntu)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> create database chenggong;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

在 salve 查看看是否同步
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | 
| chenggong          |   //同步了哈哈 ～
| mysql              | 
| test               | 
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)


好了就写这么多，如果你作 master－slave 的时候 你的master 数据里有数据那么
你必须 在  我写的 第三步与第四步中加入一下步骤：

接 上文 第三步
进入master数据库的Mysql控制台执行 
mysql >FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;   //锁表
然后从新打开一个 终端 拷贝 master 的所有的数据到 slave 服务器覆盖
读取  master 二进制文件与偏移量
mysql > show master status;
同样 要记录下 file 与 position 的值
然后解锁

mysql > unlock tables;

本文出自 “linuxer” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://deidara.blog.51cto.com/400447/122039

补充说明：可能新版本或更高的版本中没直接支持master-slave.所以简单配置即可：

master机器中：

#cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#vi /etc/my.cnf

在[msysqld]中加入

replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-do-db = db //要备份的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-do-db = db //要备份的数据库

#mysql -u root -p

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

【完成数据同步后再回到master机器中解锁：mysql> unlock tables;】

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 |      107 | db           |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

授权：

grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to slave@'192.168.0.6' identified by '*****';

回到slave机器中：

#cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#vi /etc/my.cnf

在[msysqld]中加入

replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-do-db = db //要备份的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-do-db = db //要备份的数据库
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
log-slave-updates
read-only=1

注释掉server-id = 1打开 server-id = 2。

重启Mysql后进入Mysql：

#mysql -u root -p

change master to master_host='192.168.0.17', master_user='slave', master_password='******', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007', master_log_pos=107;

【注意这里的值应该和master机器的值相同】

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G;

如果显示：

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.17
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000012
                Relay_Log_Pos: 253
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: PlatformWeb
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
              Relay_Log_Space: 559
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1

 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
说明配置成功，如果出现异常，大多数情况都是无法连接master机器造成的，检查访问权限，有必要的时候重启两台机器，一般先起动master。

接下来做数据同步：

从master机器上获取数据。

# /usr/bin/mysqldump  -h 192.168.0.17 -u root -p db > db.sql 

mysql -u root -p db < db.sql 

数据同步完成后回到master机器中解锁。