6
第六个原因就是keepalive loopback。在12.1EA之前,默认情况下交换机会在所有接口都发送keepalive信息,由于一些不通交换机协商spanning-tree可能会有问题,一个接口又收到了自己发出的keepalive,那么这个接口就会变成err-disable了。解决办法就是把keepalive关了。或者把ios升到12.2SE
7
最后一个原因,相对简单,就是由于配置了port-security violation shutdown。这个太简单,就不解释啦。
err-disable的故障排查
关于接口处于err-disable的故障排查(转发)
故障症状:线路不通,物理指示灯灭或者显示为橙色(不同平台指示灯状态不同)
show interface 输出显示接口状态:
FastEthernet0/47 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled)
接口状态是err-disable。
sw1#show interfaces status err-disable
Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type
Fa0/47 err-disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX
如果出现了接口状态为err-disable,
show interfaces status err-disabled命令能查看触发err-disable的原因。
下面示例原因为bpduguard,在连接了交换机的端口配置了spanning-tree bpduguard enable。
sw1#show interfaces status err-disabled
Port Name Status Reason Fa0/47 err-disabled bpduguard
接口产生err-disable的原因可以由以下的命令来查看,系统缺省的配置是所有列出的原因都能导致接口被置为err-disable。
sw1#show errdisable detect
ErrDisable Reason Detection status
----------------- ----------------
udld Enabled
bpduguard Enabled
security-violatio Enabled
channel-misconfig Enabled
psecure-violation Enabled
vmps Enabled
loopback Enabled
unicast-flood Enabled
pagp-flap Enabled
dtp-flap Enabled
link-flap Enabled
l2ptguard Enabled
sfp-config-mismat Enabled
gbic-invalid Enabled
dhcp-rate-limit Enabled
storm-control Enabled
ilpower Enabled
arp-inspection Enabled
community-limit Enabled
invalid-policy Enabled
从列表中,我们可以看出常见的原因有udld,bpduguard,link-flap以及loopback等。
具体由什么原因导致当前接口err-disable可以由show interface status err-disable来查看。
在接口模式下采用shutdown,no shutdown进行手动的激活。
在缺省配置下,一旦接口被置为err-disable,IOS将不会试图恢复接口。
这个可以由show errdisable recovery来查看,timer status下面所有的值都是disable。
下面的示例中,由于手工配置了bpduguard恢复,所以timer status的值变为Enable。
sw1#show errdisable recovery
ErrDisable Reason Timer Status
----------------- --------------
udld Disabled
bpduguard Disabled
security-violatio Disabled
channel-misconfig Disabled
vmps Disabled
pagp-flap Disabled
dtp-flap Disabled
link-flap Disabled
l2ptguard Disabled
psecure-violation Disabled
sfp-config-mismat Disabled
gbic-invalid Disabled
dhcp-rate-limit Disabled
unicast-flood Disabled
storm-control Disabled
arp-inspection Disabled
loopback Disabled
Timer interval: 300 seconds
Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout:
配置IOS重新激活errdisable的接口,使用以下命令:
sw1(config)#errdisable recovery cause bpduguard
sw1(config)#errdisable recovery cause ?
all Enable timer to recover from all causes
arp-inspection Enable timer to recover from arp inspection error
disable state
bpduguard Enable timer to recover from BPDU Guard error disable
state
channel-misconfig Enable timer to recover from channel misconfig disable
state
dhcp-rate-limit Enable timer to recover from dhcp-rate-limit error
disable state
dtp-flap Enable timer to recover from dtp-flap error disable
state
gbic-invalid Enable timer to recover from invalid GBIC error disable
state
l2ptguard Enable timer to recover from l2protocol-tunnel error
disable state
link-flap Enable timer to recover from link-flap error disable
state
loopback Enable timer to recover from loopback disable state
pagp-flap Enable timer to recover from pagp-flap error disable
state
psecure-violation Enable timer to recover from psecure violation disable
state
security-violation Enable timer to recover from 802.1x violation disable
state
sfp-config-mismatch Enable timer to recover from SFP config mismatch error
disable state
storm-control Enable timer to recover from storm-control error disable
state
udld Enable timer to recover from udld error disable state
unicast-flood Enable timer to recover from unicast flood disable state
vmps Enable timer to recover from vmps shutdown error disable
配置完上述命令后,IOS在一段时间后试图恢复被置为err-disable的接口,这段时间缺省为300秒。 但是,如果引起err-disable的源没有根治,在恢复工作后,接口会再次被置为err-disable。
调整err-disable的超时时间,可以使用以下命令:
sw1(config)#errdisable recovery interval ? <30-86400> timer-interval(sec) 可以调整在30-86400秒,缺省是300秒。
如果产生err-disable的原因是udld,下面有一条命令非常管用:
sw1#udld reset
No ports are disabled by UDLD. 同时,接口在被置为err-disable的时候,通常有一系列的日志产生,
如下:
*Mar 15 15:47:19.984: %SPANTREE-2-BLOCK_BPDUGUARD: Received BPDU on port FastEthernet0/47 with BPDU Guard enabled. Disabling port.
sw1# *Mar 15 15:47:19.984: %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: bpduguard error detected on Fa0/47, putting Fa0/ 47 in err-disable state
sw1# *Mar 15 15:47:21.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/47, changed state to down 收集这些日志也非常管用。所以建议配置一个syslog server,收集log信息。
sw1#show interfaces status Port Name Status Vlan Du... 开启errdisable功能,这样可以使用show errdisable来查看引发errdisable的原因是什么,再更加信息内容进行解决。
你要是想不影响使用的话,先用 no errdisable detect cause loopback 执行一下,将已经死掉的端口,no sh 一下如果没问题,肯定是环路了,你可再找时间,对怀疑有问题的switch用拔插法,一个一个拔掉网线去查,当然,有更有效的方法,你可查看有问题的switch的所有rj45和gi口的状态,哪个有errdisable信息哪个就有问题。
switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Port Name Status Reason
Fa0/22 err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/37 For office in 100K err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/41 unknow err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/42 Training Dc066 err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/45 Production line VM err-disabled link-flap
switch#show errdisable detect
ErrDisable Reason Detection status
----------------- ----------------
pagp-flap Enabled
dtp-flap Enabled
link-flap Enabled
l2ptguard Enabled
gbic-invalid Enabled
loopback Enabled
switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Port Name Status Reason
Fa0/22 err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/37 For office in 100K err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/41 unknow err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/42 Training Dc066 err-disabled link-flap
Fa0/45 Production line VM err-disabled link-flap
switch#sh errdisable flap-values
ErrDisable Reason Flaps Time (sec)
----------------- ------ ----------
pagp-flap 3 30
dtp-flap 3 30
link-flap 5 10
( link-flap 这就是因为链路质量不好导致的)
关闭errdisable detect
switch#no errdisable detect cause all