如何在Ubuntu Server 11.10上安装Gitorious

Git是一个分布式的版本控制系统，用于Linux内核的管理。在推出后，Git也逐渐被用于其他项目，同样也取得了很大的成功。GitHub则是基于Git版本控制系统的，它提供基于互联网的项目托管服务，但GitHub并不开源，所以我在网上找到了替代GitHub的开源项目托管系统：Gitorious。

安装Gitorious并不是一件轻松的事，所以就写了这篇文章，一则可以帮助那些准备安装Gitorious的兄弟，二则也给自己做个备忘。

一、安装第三方的相关依赖包：

• Apache

  sudo apt-get install -y build-essential apache2 apache2-threaded-dev libapache2-mod-xsendfile

• MySQL
  

  sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client

  注意：在安装MySQL时，您将会被提示创建MySQL的root用户密码
• PHPMyAdmin（可选）
  

  sudo apt-get install -y phpmyadmin

  设置时选择apache2、并使用dbconfig-common来配置数据库，并会被提示创建PHPMyAdmin管理员用户密码。
• Git
  

  sudo apt-get install -y git-core git-doc

• 其它依赖包
  

  sudo apt-get install -y libexpat1-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev sendmail apg geoip-bin libgeoip1 libgeoip-dev imagemagick libmagick++-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev zip unzip libyaml-dev libonig-dev memcached aspell libaspell-dev aspell-en

• Ruby 和 RubyGems

  sudo apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev rubygems libruby libdbd-mysql-ruby libmysql-ruby
  sudo REALLY_GEM_UPDATE_SYSTEM=1 gem update --system
  sudo gem install --no-ri --no-rdoc rake
  sudo gem install --no-ri --no-rdoc daemons
  sudo gem install -b --no-ri --no-rdoc rmagick
  sudo gem install -b --no-ri --no-rdoc stompserver
  sudo gem install -b --no-ri --no-rdoc passenger
  sudo gem install -b --no-ri --no-rdoc bundler

• Sphinx（俄国人贡献的开源搜索包）
  

  sudo apt-get install -y sphinxsearch

二、下载Gitorious源代码，在这里将Gitorious放置在/var/www/gitoriou：

cd /var/www
sudo chown firehare:firehare /var/www
git clone git://gitorious.org/gitorious/mainline.git gitorious
cd gitorious
git submodule init
git submodule update
sudo ln -s /var/www/gitorious/script/gitorious /usr/bin

第2条语句是为了方便处理，不用老是sudo，所以将/var/www目录的所有者从root改为你的用户名，在这里我使用的是我的用户名firehare。

三、配置初始化服务

在/var/www/gitorious/doc/templates/ubuntu目录中有相应的服务脚本模板。将这些脚本模板拷至/etc/init.d目录中：

cd /var/www/gitorious/doc/templates/ubuntu
sudo cp git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp /etc/init.d
sudo cp gitorious-logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/gitorious
sudo chmod 755 git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp

然后将服务配置成开机启动

sudo update-rc.d stomp defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-daemon defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-ultrasphinx defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-poller defaults

最后由于git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp脚本中的RUBY_HOME路径指向"/opt/ruby-enterprise"，为了方便起见，不一一修改启动脚本，将创建一个链接：

sudo ln -s /usr/ /opt/ruby-enterprise

四、配置Apache

• 安装Passenger

  sudo /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module

• 配置Passenger

  sudo vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load

  然后在新建的passenger.load文件中输入以下文字：

  # Did you verify this matches the values from
  # the 'sudo /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module' command ?
  LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
  PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11
  PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8

• 启用Apache模块

  sudo a2enmod passenger
  sudo a2enmod rewrite
  sudo a2enmod ssl
  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

• 创建Gitorious站点文件

  sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/gitorious

  然后在新建的Gitorious站点文件中输入以下文字:

  <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName git.meranko.net
    DocumentRoot /var/www/gitorious/public
  
    # Enable X-SendFile for gitorious repo archiving to work
    XSendFile on
  
    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
    LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
    LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
  
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_access.log combined
    TransferLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_access.log
    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_error.log
  </VirtualHost>

• 创建Gitorious SSL站点文件

  sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/gitorious-ssl

  然后在新建的Gitorious站点文件中输入以下文字:

  <IfModule mod_ssl.c>
  <VirtualHost _default_:443>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
    BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
    DocumentRoot /var/www/gitorious/public
  
    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
    LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
    LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
  
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_access.log combined
    TransferLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_access.log
    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_error.log
  
  </VirtualHost>
  </IfModule>

• 启用Gitorious和Gitorious SSL网站

  sudo a2dissite default
  sudo a2dissite default-ssl
  sudo a2ensite gitorious
  sudo a2ensite gitorious-ssl
  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

五、设置MySQL用户

mysql -u root -p
Enter password: （输入你在安装包时确定的Mysql根用户密码）
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'gitorious'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<输入密码>' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

六、配置Gitorious

• 首先确保所有gems版本的正确（安装时会询问你的sudo密码）

  cd /var/www/gitorious/
  bundle install
  bundle pack

• 再创建git系统用户

  sudo adduser --system --home /var/www/gitorious/ --no-create-home --group --shell /bin/bash git
  sudo chown -R git:git /var/www/gitorious

• 然后创建一些Gitorious运行所需的东西

  sudo su - git
  mkdir .ssh
  touch .ssh/authorized_keys
  chmod 700 .ssh
  chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
  mkdir tmp/pids
  mkdir repositories
  mkdir tarballs
  mkdir tmp/tarballs-work
   
        chmod ug+rwx repositories

• 生成Gitorious的配置文件（注意：当前用户为git）

  cp config/database.sample.yml config/database.yml
  cp config/gitorious.sample.yml config/gitorious.yml
  cp config/broker.yml.example config/broker.yml

• 在Gitorious的database.yml配置文件中的production段中确保正确的数据库用户名和名字（注意：当前用户为git）
• 在Gitorious的gitorious.yml配置文件中，要注意以下内容：
  • 确保在production而非test中修改
  • repository_base_path应该是/var/www/gitorious/repositories
  • cookie_secret应该设为多于30个字符的字符串，为了方便起见，你可以使用下列命令，然后将其输出复制到这里。

  apg -m 64

  • gitorious_client_port应该设为80
  • gitorious_host应该设置成客户可以使用的主机名（否则Cookie会出错
  • archive_cache_dir应该设为/var/www/gitorious/tarballs
  • archive_work_dir应该设为/var/www/gitorious/tmp/tarballs-work
  • exception_notification_emails:你的邮箱
  • hide_http_clone_urls应该设为true（它们需要额外的安装工作）
  • is_gitorious_dot_org应该设false
  • public_mode应该设为false

七、创建Gitorious数据库

• 因为在RubyGems 1.6.0+ 并且 Rails < 2.3.11时存在BUG，本来可以在config/boot.rb文件的顶部添加下列语句来解决，但由于该文件注释要求不要改变，所以就只好麻烦点，添加到Rakefile文件和config/environment.rb文件的require(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'config', 'boot'))语句上方即可：

  require 'thread'

• 接下来的工作，我们让rake来做：

  export RAILS_ENV=production
  bundle exec rake db:create  RAILS_ENV=production
  bundle exec rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production

• 配置Sphinx搜索守护程序，将address设为localhost

  vi /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/default.base
  # Daemon options
  searchd
  {
    # What interface the search daemon should listen on and where to store its logs
    address = localhost
   port = 3312
    .......

•  然后继续用rake来为我们配置：

  bundle exec rake ultrasphinx:bootstrap RAILS_ENV=production

  注意：本人在安装在这一步时出现一个错误，提示如下，详见第12行，于是本人查了一下数据库，打开文件/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf，找到base_tags.name语句，将其改成tags，即可通过：

(in /var/www/gitorious)
Rebuilding configurations for production environment
Available models are Comment, Repository, MergeRequest, and Project
Generating SQL
$ indexer --config '/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf' --all
Sphinx 0.9.9-release (r2117)
Copyright (c) 2001-2009, Andrew Aksyonoff

using config file '/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf'...
WARNING: key 'address' is deprecated in /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf line 10; use 'listen' instead.
indexing index 'main'...
ERROR: index 'main': sql_range_query: Unknown column 'base_tags.name' in 'field list' (DSN=mysql://gitorious:***@localhost:3306/gitorious_production).
total 0 docs, 0 bytes
total 0.005 sec, 0 bytes/sec, 0.00 docs/sec
total 0 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.0 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
total 0 writes, 0.000 sec, 0.0 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
Sphinx 0.9.9-release (r2117)
Copyright (c) 2001-2009, Andrew Aksyonoff

using config file '/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf'...
WARNING: key 'address' is deprecated in /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf line 10; use 'listen' instead.
listening on 127.0.0.1:3312
WARNING: index 'main': preload: failed to open /var/www/gitorious/db/sphinx//sphinx_index_main.sph: No such file or directory; NOT SERVING
FATAL: no valid indexes to serve
Failed to start
Done
Please restart your application containers

• 创建Sphinx Cronjob

  crontab -e * * * * * cd /var/www/gitorious && /usr/bin/bundle exec

• 创建管理员用户

env RAILS_ENV=production ruby1.8 script/create_admin

 八、重启机器后你就可以在Ubuntu 11.10上完成Gitorious的安装了！OK！打完收功！！