Lnmp安装与配置笔记

——————————————安装与配置——————————————

1.相关软件：

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

 

nginx   http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz

pcre     ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.21.tar.gz

php      http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.3.13.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror

libiconv  http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

mhash   http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

mcrypt   http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

libmcrypt  http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

mysql     ftp://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz

cmake   http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

 

2.MySQL

(1).安装cmake

[root@study ~]# tar zxf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd cmake-2.8.5

[root@study cmake-2.8.5]# ./configure

[root@study cmake-2.8.5]# gmake && gmake install && cd ../

 

(2).安装配置mysql

[root@study ~]# useradd mysql

[root@study ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql   

[root@study ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql

[root@study ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz

[root@study ~]#cd mysql-5.5.24

[root@study mysql-5.5.24]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/

[root@study mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install

[root@study mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

[root@study mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@study mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld 

 

[root@study ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

#在[mysqld]增加

datadir          = /data/mysql

wait-timeout = 30

max_connections = 512

default-storage-engine = MyISAM   

#修改

max_allowed_packet = 16M

 

[root@study ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@study mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql                 #生成授权表

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18

[root@study ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@study ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

 

修改密码：

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456

 

3.PHP

(1).安装相关的库

[root@study ~]# tar zxf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd libiconv-1.13.1

[root@study libiconv-1.13.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/

[root@study libiconv-1.13.1]# make && make install && cd

 

[root@study ~]# tar zxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

[root@study libmcrypt-2.5.8]# ./configure && make && make install

[root@study libltdl]# /sbin/ldconfig && cd libltdl/ && ./configure --enable-ltdl-install

[root@study libltdl]# make && make install && cd

 

[root@study ~]# tar zxf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd mhash-0.9.9.9

[root@study mhash-0.9.9.9]# ./configure && make && make install && cd

 

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

[root@study ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

 

[root@study ~]# tar zxf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd mcrypt-2.6.8

[root@study mcrypt-2.6.8]# /sbin/ldconfig

[root@study mcrypt-2.6.8]# ./configure && make && make install && cd                     

 

(2).php安装

[root@study ~]# tar jxf php-5.3.13.tar.bz2

[root@study ~]# cd php-5.3.13

[root@study ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql -enable-fastcgi -enable-fpm \

--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath \

--enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl \

--with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd \

--enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets \

 --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

[root@study php-5.3.13]# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

[root@study php-5.3.13]# make install

[root@study php-5.3.13]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

 

(3).配置PHP-FPM（PHP5.3.3已经集成php-fpm了，不再是第三方的包了）

[root@study ~]# useradd www

[root@study ~]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t    #检查语法

[09-May-2012 22:03:32] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

 

[root@study ~]# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm" >> /etc/rc.local          #开机自启动

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm                  #启动服务

 

4.Nginx

(1).安装pcre

[root@study ~]# tar zxf pcre-8.21.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd pcre-8.21

[root@study pcre-8.21]# ./configure && make && make install

 

(2).nginx安装

[root@study ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# cd nginx-1.2.0

[root@study nginx-1.2.0]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  \

--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module \

--with-pcre --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid

[root@study nginx-1.2.0]# make && make install

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx         #启动服务

[root@study ~]# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local  #开机自启动

 

(3).配置nginx

编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

将

#user nobody;

events {

    worker_connections 1024;

}

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    root           html;

        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

        #    fastcgi_index index.php;

        #    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

        #    include        fastcgi_params;

        #}

修改成：

 

user www;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 1024;
}
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

 (4).重启服务测试

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t        #语法检查

[root@study ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload    #重新加载配置

[root@study ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/

[root@study html]# cat index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

 

问题：

1.make: [ext/phar/phar.phar] error 1

解决:在编译的时候加--without-pear参数，如果还不行,make的时候不添加 ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' 参数。

 

————————————————使用————————————————

一、Nginx的启动、关闭、重启及版本

1.启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

2.关闭

kill -9 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

 

3.平滑重启

kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

 

4.查看版本及编译信息

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

 

二、Nginx配置

1.虚拟主机配置

server {
        listen          80;                #端口
        server_name     web1.example.com;         #域名或IP
        access_log      logs/web1.example.com main; #日记

        location /{
          index index.php;
          root /data/web1;         #目录（可用绝对路径或相对路径）
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {   #php
          root html;
          fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
          fastcgi_index index.php;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/web1$fastcgi_script_name;
          include       fastcgi_params;
        }
     }

2.负载均衡

www.example.com域名指向Nginx主机的ip，当用户访问www.example.com时，Nginx将请求负载均衡到后端的两台web主机。

 

配置文件：

[root@master conf]# egrep -v "(#|^$)" nginx.conf

user www;
worker_processes 2;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    log_format example.com '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    upstream web {
        server 192.168.209.128:80;
        server 192.168.209.129:80;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.example.com;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://web;
            proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502 http_503 error timeout invalid_header;
            proxy_set_header    Host    $host;
            proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
     access_log /data/logs/example.com.log example.com;
    }
}

轮询（默认）：每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端某台服务器宕机，故障系统被自动剔除，使用户访问不受影响。

Weight：指定轮询权值，Weight值越大，分配到的访问机率越高，主要用于后端每个服务器性能不均的情况下。

ip_hash：每个请求按访问IP的hash结果分配，这样来自同一个IP的访客固定访问一个后端服务器，有效解决了动态网页存在的session共享问题。

fair：这是比上面两个更加智能的负载均衡算法。此种算法可以依据页面大小和加载时间长短智能地进行负载均衡，也就是根据后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的优先分配。Nginx本身是不支持fair的，如果需要使用这种调度算法，必须下载Nginx的upstream_fair模块。

url_hash：此方法按访问url的hash结果来分配请求，使每个url定向到同一个后端服务器，可以进一步提高后端缓存服务器的效率。Nginx本身是不支持url_hash的，如果需要使用这种调度算法，必须安装Nginx 的hash软件包。

 

3.日志轮询，通过Nginx的信号控制功能的脚本来实现日志的自动切割。

[root@master ~]# cat nginxlog.sh

#!/bin/bash
log_dir="/data/logs"
data_dir=`date +%Y%m%d%H`
mkdir -p $log_dir/$data_dir >/dev/null 2>&1
mv $log_dir/access.log $log_dir/$data_dir/access.log
mv $log_dir/error.log $log_dir/$data_dir/error.log
kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

配合crontab每天凌晨00：05自动切割

[root@master ~]# crontab -l

5 0 * * * sh /root/nginxlog.sh

 

4.启动脚本

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
#date: 2012-05-25
#chkconfig: 345 85 15
#description: nginx [engine x] is light http web/proxy server

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog="nginx"
RETVAL=0


start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog:"
        daemon $nginx
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
        }
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stoping $prog:"
        daemon pkill -9 nginx
        echo
        return $RETVAL
        }
reload() {
        echo -n $"Reloading $prog:"
        daemon kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
        echo
        return $RETVAL
        }
check () {
        if [ `$nginx -t` ]; then
                echo "error"
        fi
        }

case "$1" in
        start)
                start
                ;;
        stop)
                stop
                ;;
        reload)
                reload
                ;;
        check)
                check
                ;;
        *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|check}"
        RETVAL=1
esac

exit $RETVAL

[root@master ~]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx

[root@master ~]# chkconfig --add nginx