Linux双网卡绑定实现
概述：
通过网卡绑定，处理网卡单点故障，实验的操作系统是Redhat Linux Enterprise 5.3.
绑定的前提条件：芯片组型号相同，而且网卡应该具备自己独立的BIOS芯片。
网卡绑定时有四种模式，其中常用的是模式0和模式1：
模式0（轮循模式）：负载均衡工作模式,他能提供两倍的带宽 ，这种情况下出现一块网卡失效,仅仅会是服务器出口带宽下降,也不会影响网络使用.
模式1（主备模式）：当一个网络接口失效时(例如主交换机掉电等),不会出现网络中断,系统会按照cat /etc/rc.local里指定网卡的顺序工作,机器仍能对外服务,起到了失效保护的功能
案例:
模式1
1. modprobe bonding //调用模块bonding
modinfo bonding //查看内核中加载的模块相关参数
内容:
- filename: /lib/modules/2.6.25.19/kernel/drivers/net/bonding/bonding.ko
2.编辑虚拟网络接口配置文件,指定网卡IP
注意：不要指定单个网卡的IP 地址、子网掩码或网卡 ID。将上述信息指定到虚拟适配器(bonding)中即可。
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
vim ifcfg-eth0 //模块别名
内容：
- DEVICE=eth0 //设备
- BOOTPROTO=dhcp //自动获取地址
- ONBOOT=yes //启动激活
vim ifcfg-eth1
内容：
- DEVICE=eth1
- BOOTPROTO=dhcp
- ONBOOT=yes
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-bond0
vim ifcfg-bond0 //编辑额外的网卡
内容：
- DEVICE=bond0
- BOOTPROTO=none
- IPADDR=192.168.2.101
- NETMASK=255.255.255.0
- ONBOOT=yes
3.vim /etc/modprobe.conf //编辑模块配置文件，以使系统在启动时加载bonding模块，对外虚拟网络接口设备为 bond0
内容加入二行：
4.vim /etc/rc.local
- alias bond0 bonding //内核模块
- options bond0 miimon=100 //链路监测 mode=1 //工作模式
内容加入一行：
配置完毕，重新启动电脑
- ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1
1.Xshell:\> ping 192.168.2.101
- Pinging 192.168.2.101 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.101:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
2.ifconfig //查看网卡信息
- bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9E:49:28
- inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:25
- 5.255.255.0
- inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe9e:4928/64 Scope:Link
- UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
- RX packets:87 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:122 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
- RX bytes:13696 (13.3 KiB) TX bytes:24910 (24.3 KiB)
- eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9E:49:28
- UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
- RX packets:73 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
- RX bytes:10395 (10.1 KiB) TX bytes:19299 (18.8 KiB)
- Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
- eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9E:49:28
- UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
- RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
- RX bytes:3301 (3.2 KiB) TX bytes:5611 (5.4 KiB)
3.cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 //查看内核信息
断开网卡eth0后：
- Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
- Primary Slave: None
- Currently Active Slave: eth0
- MII Status: up
- MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
- Up Delay (ms): 0
- Down Delay (ms): 0
- Slave Interface: eth0
- MII Status: up
- Link Failure Count: 0
- Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:9e:49:28
- Slave Interface: eth1
- MII Status: up
- Link Failure Count: 0
- Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:9e:49:32
1.Xshell:\> ping 192.168.2.101 -t
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Request timed out.
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
2.cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
- Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
- Primary Slave: None
- Currently Active Slave: eth1
- MII Status: up
- MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
- Up Delay (ms): 0
- Down Delay (ms): 0
- Slave Interface: eth0
- MII Status: down
- Link Failure Count: 1
- Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:9e:49:28
- Slave Interface: eth1
- MII Status: up
- Link Failure Count: 0
- Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:9e:49:32
断开网卡eth1后：
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Request timed out.
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
- Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
模式0
注意：只需修改模块配置文件就可以，其它配置与模式1一样
1.vim /etc/modprobe.conf //编辑模块配置文件
文件内容修改一行：
- options bond0 miimon=100 mode=0
配置完毕，重新启动电脑
断开网卡eth0后：
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
断开网卡eth1后：
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
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