nginx+myql+php搭建web服务器

环境： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.2 (Tikanga)

系统安装方式：系统自带服务不装，只安装开发包，相应的系统工具

 

1、安装基本包
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && make install

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure && make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install && make && make install

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure && make && make install

vim list 输入以下内容，sh list执行
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
ldconfig
./configure && make && make install

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.34
   解压后在mysql目录下随便建立一个脚本，执行sh 脚本名 进行安培
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu "
CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O3 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=gbk" \
"--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--with-plugins=all" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
make
make install
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done


3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql && make && make install

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure && make && make install

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install

5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"
　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
　　extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找output_buffering = Off
　　修改为output_buffering = On

　　
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加kernel.shmmax = 134217728  sysctl -p生效

6、创建www用户和组、网页目录、日志目录等
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www 
mkdir -p /var/htdocs/www
chmod +w /var/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /var/htdocs/www/
mkdir -p /var/htdocs/logs
chmod +w /var/htdocs/logs
chown -R www:www /var/htdocs/logs


7、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf  添加以下信息
<?xml version="1.0" ?>  
<configuration>  
  
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   
  
  <section name="global_options">  
  
    Pid file   
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>  
  
    Error log file   
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>  
  
    Log level   
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>  
  
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>  
  
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>  
  
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>  
  
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>  
  
  </section>  
  
  <workers>  
  
    <section name="pool">  
  
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
      <value name="name">default</value>  
  
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>  
  
      <value name="listen_options">  
  
        Set listen(2) backlog   
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>  
  
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
        <value name="owner"></value>  
        <value name="group"></value>  
        <value name="mode">0666</value>  
      </value>  
  
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
      <value name="php_defines">  
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>  
        <value name="display_errors">1</value>  
      </value>  
  
      Unix user of processes   
        <value name="user">www</value>  
  
      Unix group of processes   
        <value name="group">www</value>  
  
      Process manager settings   
      <value name="pm">  
  
        Sets style of controling worker process count.   
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
        <value name="style">static</value>  
  
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
        Used with any pm_style.   
        <value name="max_children">128</value>  
  
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
        <value name="apache_like">  
  
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>  
  
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>  
  
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>  
  
        </value>  
  
      </value>  
  
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated   
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>  
  
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>  
  
      The log file for slow requests   
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>  
  
      Set open file desc rlimit   
      <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>  
  
      Set max core size rlimit   
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>  
  
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path   
      <value name="chroot"></value>  
  
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path   
      <value name="chdir"></value>  
  
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>  
  
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
      For endless request processing please specify 0   
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
      <value name="max_requests">500</value>  
  
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>  
  
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
      <value name="environment">  
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>  
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>  
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>  
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>  
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>  
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>  
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>  
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>  
      </value>  
  
    </section>  
  
  </workers>  
  
</configuration>  

8、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。

三、安装Nginx 0.7.51
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure && make && make install
cd ../

    2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.51/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../


    3、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /var/htdocs/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events 
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 51200;
}

http 
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  # The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
  #www.test.com
  include          /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.test.com;
        
}

 配置主机例子：
 server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.1.108;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /var/htdocs/www;
    error_page 404 http://192.168.1.108;   指定404错误时浏览的文件

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /var/htdocs/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }

  
  server   # 这个主机配置是查看nginx的连接状态
  {
    listen  8080;
    server_name  192.168.1.108;

    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}



②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;


　　5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000
使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p


在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` 重启nginx



编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容：

引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh