单机搭建Data Guard

搭建环境：

Red Hat Linux Enterprise 5.4

Oracle 10g R2

主机操作系统主要信息为192.168.199.128.

搭建准备：

已存在主库（生产库）DB_NAME=mustang   SID=april

 

开始搭建Data Guard

首先需要准备好参数文件，设定一些必要的参数。在主库，先通过spfile生成pfile文件：

SQL>create pfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2initapril.ora’ from spfile;

然后修改主库新生成的initapril.ora参数文件。在原有的基础上添加如下内容：

db_unique_name=mustang

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(mustang,standby)'

log_archive_dest_2='service=standby arch async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)

db_unique_name=standby'

log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)

db_unique_name=mustang'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc

log_archive_max_processes=30

fal_server=standby

fal_client=mustang

db_file_name_convert='standby','mustang'

log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/','/home/oracle/standby/'

standby_file_management=auto

修改完参数文件之后，要重新打开主库，然后通过iniapril.ora来创建spfile。如下：

SQL>create spfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileapril.ora’ from pfile=’
/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initapril.ora’;

接下来的工作就是要通过主库的参数文件，创建备库需要的参数文件，在主库上运行：

SQL>create pfile=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initstandby.ora’ from spfile;

编辑initstandby.ora。如下所示：

standby.__db_cache_size=213909504

standby.__large_pool_size=4194304

*.control_files='/home/oracle/standby/standby.ctl'

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=8

*.db_file_name_convert='standby','mustang'

*.db_files=80

*.db_name='mustang'

*.db_unique_name='standby'

*.fal_client='standby'

*.fal_server='mustang'

*.global_names=TRUE

*.instance_name='standby'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(mustang,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/standby/archive'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=mustang arch async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)

db_unique_name=mustang'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=30

*.log_buffer=32768

*.log_checkpoint_interval=10000

*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/','/home/oracle/standby/'

*.max_dump_file_size='10240'

*.parallel_max_servers=5

*.processes=50

*.service_names='standby'

*.sga_max_size=300M

*.sga_target=300M

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_management='auto'
  *.undo_tablespace='undotbs'

保存initstandby.ora参数文件。通过initstandby.ora生成动态文件spfilestandby.ora：

SQL>create spfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilestandby.ora’ from pfile=’

/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initstandby.ora’;

在主库上创建我们的密码文件：

[oracle@localhost dbs]$orapwd file=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstandby’ password=oracle  entries=10

通过主库的控制文件生成我们备库的控制文件：

SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/home/oracle/standby.ctl’;

开始创建备库：

首先创建备库的目录结构，这里我们以主库位于同一目录：

主库：/home/oracle/mustang    主库归档文件：/home/oracle/archive

于是我们在/home/oracle下创建我们的备库目录：

mkdir standby

cd standby

mkdir archive

mkdir bdump

mkdir udump

目录结构完成。

下一步就是要配置监听（如果没有监听standby是启动不了的）。在配置监听之前，首先要进行一步就是要生成备库的密码文件：  

[oracle@localhost dbs]$orapwd file=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstandby’ password=oracle  entries=10

将路径切换到/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin下。通过ls命令可以看到：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

listener.ora  shrept.lst  sqlnet.log  tnsnames.ora

再配置监听之前，要先将我们的监听服务停止：lsnrctl stop。

开始配置监听

首先配置tnsnames.ora文件。设定服务名（因为我们这里是单机，所以配置在本机上配置就行了，如果是两台机的话，就要在主备库的tnsnames.ora同时修改）：

april=

   (DESCRIPTION=

        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))

        (CONNECT_DATA=

           (SERVER=DEDICATED)

           (SERVICE_NAME=mustang)

         )

    )



standby=

   (DESCRIPTION=

        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522))

        (CONNECT_DATA=

           (SERVER=DEDICATED)

           (SERVICE_NAME=standby)

         )

)

接下来配置listener.ora文件（建议用途netmgr配置，比较方便，因为手工配置容易出错）。配置如下：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = mustang)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = april)

    )

   (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = standby)

    )

  )



LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1522))

    )

  )


TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = USER

至此我们的监听配置就完成，启动监听器：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl start

出现如下内容说明，已经配置成功：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 20:59:37

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Trace information written to /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                26-JUL-2012 20:59:37

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               user

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listener Trace File       /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "mustang" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "april", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "standby" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "standby", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

我们也可以通过tnsping来检查，是否配置成功：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping standby

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 21:00:45

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME=standby)))

OK (20 msec)

   
   
   
   
[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping april

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 21:00:51

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME=mustang)))

OK (30 msec)

看到以上提示，说明我们的监听配置完全正确。

 

复制相关文件到备库的目录下：

[oracle@localhost mustang]$cp /home/oracle/mustang/*.dbf /home/oracle/standby

[oracle@localhost mustang]$cp /home/oracle/standby.ctl /home/oracle/standby/

接下来，开始启动我们的主库和备库，最好打开两个窗口进行实验：

在主库窗口：

1）指定以april实例开始我们的主库：

export ORACLE_SID=april

2）

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@april as sysdba

3）开启主库的归档模式和force logging:  

 

SQL>alter database archivelog;

SQL>alter database force logging;

 

 

在备库窗口：

1）  指定以standby实例打开我们的备库：

export ORACLE_SID=standby

2） 

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@standby as sysdba

 

3）  使standby数据库处于恢复状态，主备库归档日志同步

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session:

 

接下来就要查看我们的Data Guard是否正常。

我们在主库环境下，查看当前的归档日志情况：

SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

然后切换到备库环境下，查看当前的归档日志情况：

SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

接着我们再次切换到主库环境下，进行一次日志切换：

SQL>alter system switch logfile;

再次查看主库的归档情况：

SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

这时，你会发现多了2个归档文件。

我们再切到备库，查看：

SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

发现备库的归档文件也同样多了。

至此，可以说明我们的归档同步了。

在主库下：我们新建一个表，然后往表中插入数据，先不要commit。我们发现备库中也同样有了这个表，但是还没有数据，如果我们commit掉主库的事务，备库中该表就有了数据了。

我们可以查看主库和备库的switchover参数。

SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;

   

DG搭建工作至此完成。刚刚学习Data Guard，上文有不正确的地方，还请多多批评赐教！