RHEL6.0下yum源的配置

 RHEL6.0下本地yum源的配置

说明：在使用yum命令安装软件的时候，必须提前配置yum源，本文以挂载RHEl6的官方镜像至本地，创建本地yum源。

在RHEl6中默认在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下没有*.repo的文件，需要自己手动建立一个。

1.挂载官方镜像至本地并实现开机自动挂载

# mount /dev/dvd  /media

# ls /media

此时我们看到已经成功挂载官方镜像至/media下了。

# vim /etc/fstab  #添加如下一句，实现开机自动挂载

/dev/dvd  /mnt     iso9660 defaults,loop   0 0

说明：挂载时一定要指定文件类型为iso9660,否则会挂载失败

2.查看系统是否已经成功安装yum相关包

[root@lihuan ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-5.el6.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.i686
yum-3.2.27-14.el6.noarch

默认都已经安装了。

3.手动编写yum源所需的文件

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  #在此目录下，建立任何以.repo结尾的文件即可，这里以yum.repo为例：

# vim yum.local  #内容如下
[yum]
name=yum
baseurl=file:///media/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///media/ RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

说明：如果设置gpgcheck=0则不检测gpgkey，就不检查文件签名，就不需要指定gpgkey的位置（建议使用本文的写法）
4.测试yum源是否可用

# yum clean all  #清除yum源缓存
[root@lihuan ~]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.i686 0:2.2.15-5.el6 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

============================================================================================
 Package             Arch               Version                    Repository          Size
============================================================================================
Installing:
 httpd               i686               2.2.15-5.el6               base               813 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 813 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : httpd-2.2.15-5.el6.i686                                              1/1

Installed:
 httpd.i686 0:2.2.15-5.el6

Complete!

说明：此时发现可以使用yum命令成功安装软件了。当然yum命令的好处不仅仅是安装软件，还有解决软件安装时的依赖关系，这样的方法安装软件就方便多了。

补充：关于yum命令的详细使用方法,可以使用man yum的方法获取帮助信息，一些简单yum命令的使用方法参照：http://lihuan.blog.51cto.com/4391550/800845。

例：

# man yum

yum(8)                                                                  yum(8)

NAME

      yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified

 

SYNOPSIS

       yum [options] [command] [package ...]

 

DESCRIPTION

       yum  is  an  interactive,  rpm based, package manager. It can automatically

       perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete process-

       ing based on "repository" metadata. It can also perform installation of new

       packages, removal of old packages and  perform  queries  on  the  installed

       and/or  available  packages among many other commands/services (see below).

       yum is similar to other high level package managers like apt-get and smart.

 

       While  there  are  some graphical interfaces directly to the yum code, more

       recent graphical interface development is happening with PackageKit and the

       gnome-packagekit application.

 

       command is one of:

        * install package1 [package2] [...]

        * update [package1] [package2] [...]

        * check-update

        * upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]

        * distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]

        * remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]